An extensive outbreak of equine influenza occurred in Japan for the first time. It spread over many racecourses, farms and riding clubs in the eastern part of the country. Then, it involved the concentration center of imported horses which had passed quarantine in December, 1971, to be distributed to four places. The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test was performed on sera collected from horses in six places involved in the outbreak. Influenza A/equi 1/Prague /'56, Influenza A/equi 2/Miami/'63, and other viruses were isolated from the nasal secretions of infected horses in the allantoic fluid of incubated eggs and used as antigens for the HI test. The test was carried out by the standard tray method. Sera were inactivated at 60°C for 30 minutes after treatment with RDE in the case of the Prague strain. Sera were only inactivated at 60°C for 30 minutes in the case of the Miami and the isolated strain. In addition 5% suspension of chicken erythrocytes was used. The results obtained are as follows. 1) All the horses of riding club A into which some imported horses had been introduced were infected within 3 days. Their sera were proved to have HI titers ranging from 1:4 to 1:64 against the Miami strain and from 1:16 to 1:128< against the isolated strain between 10 and 16 days after the outbreak of the infection. 2) In the Equestrian Park, Tokyo, 168 horses (98.3%) out of 171 in total were infected within 6 days. Influenza viruses were isolated from among the infected horses. The sera of these horses showed an increase in HI antibody titer against the Miami and the isolated virus strain. The antibody titer maintained its peak for 40-50 days and then decreased. The sera of these horses, however, possessed no HI antibody against the prague strain. 3) In the Tokyo Race Course, 957 horses (99.4%) of 963 in total and in the Nakayama Race Course, 674 horses (93.3%) of 721 in total were infected. The sera of the infected horses of both racecourses exhibited an increase in HI titers against the Miami and the isolated strain. 4) In the Fukushima Race Course, 42 horses (39.6%) of 106 in total were considered to be infected, although the method of diagnosis used was not so reliable. The sera of the infected horses showed such increase in HI titer as similar to that mentioned above. 5) In the Shiroi Branch of the Nakayama Race Course, 120 horses of 209 in total were administered with killed vaccine (E1 150 CCA and E2 250 CCA) prepared by the Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, but 135 horses out of these were infected with equine influenza. In the Shiroi Branch, many of the horses which had been free from the disease and administered with no vaccine were recognized to show lower HI titers than horses under similar conditions in the Tokyo and Nakayama Race Courses and the Equestrian Park. In the Shiroi Branch, horses which had been free from the disease and administered with vaccine were proved to show HI titers equal to or higher than those of horses recovered from natural infection. There was a large difference in HI titer between the horses under such conditions and horses free from the disease administered with no vaccine in any other racecourse. It was considered that the horses which had been free from the disease and had shown low HI titers might not have obviously been infected or not have been infected at all, and that the horses which had been free from the disease and had shown high HI titers might have been infected with equine influenza. 6) It was supposed that the present outbreak of equine influenza might have been caused by influenza A/equi 2 virus, but not by influenza A/equi 1 virus.

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  限局性右前頭葉脳出血後，場所に関する重複記憶錯誤が出現した1 例を報告した。本例の特徴は，地理的定位錯誤(自分が現在いる場所の同定の錯誤)，二重見当識を経て，「同一の病院が複数存在する」という場所の重複記憶錯誤に至った経過を詳細に追えた点である。本症例の経過を通じて，重複記憶錯誤の成立過程を考えると，その症候は，視空間障害による客体の定位障害に因るものではなく，自己の空間ないしは場所への定位障害から発展する可能性が考えられた。また，重複記憶錯誤を引き起こす責任病巣としては，右前頭葉背外側の機能低下が最も重要と考えられた。

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An acute "coughing disease" broke ont in the greater part of the racehorses and riding ones belonging to the Equestrian Park, the Fukushima, Tokyo, and Nakayama Race Courses in December, 1971. The epzootic seemed to have been spread quickly by imported horses which might have been infected with the "coughing disease". In this outbreak infected horses showed the same clinical symptoms, such as fever at 39-41°C, dry cough characterized by strength. Equine influenza viruses were studied to be isolated from 20 of the samples collected from the masopharngeal secretion of febrile horses, inoculated into the amnion of 8 day chick embryos and cnltivated at 35°C for 72 hours. They have been adapted to grow in the chorio allantois of chick embryos. The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neutralization tests were performed with chicken and ferret antisera against A/Equi 1/Prague/56, A/Equi 2/Miami/63, and the isolated (Tokyo/ 71) viruses. The intact viruses were used as antigens. Furthermore, when the antibody response of convalescent horses was compared between Equi 2 and the isolated virus, it was found that the antigenicity of the isolated virus was about 8-16 times higher than that of Equi 2/Miami/63 virus. On the other hand, there was not so marked a difference in HI titer between the antigens of Equi 2/Miami/63 and the isolated viruses for chicken and ferret antisera against the Equi 2/Miami/63 strain. In this result 9 strains of equine influenza virus were isolated. It is for the first time in Japan that equine influenza virus was isolated. It was confirmed that the isolated viruses were similar to the Equi 2 type, although they were distingushed from the Equi 1 type.

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