The Niigata recent dunes run in rows along the Japan Sea coast. They are classified into three groups, the Recent Dune I, II, and III, in accordance with the development of the humus layers, the degree of the weathering of the sand, and the characteristics of the archaeological findings.
Judging from the relics found in each group of the recent dunes, it is determined that the Recent Dune I, II, and III were formed respectively in the Early and Middle Jomon Periods, in the Kofun Period, and after the Muromachi Period.
Since the archaeological relics found on the alluvial plain of Niigata Lowland were dated back to the Kofun Period, the period, in which the marshy land has become solid enough to enable man to settle, is estimated as the time of formation of the Recent Dune II.
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