During the battles of World War II, the United States planned for collective security by creating a new international organization with final responsibility to keep international order after victory in the war. On the other hand, the Soviet Union defeated Germany by its military power and annexed the Baltic States. At the same time the Soviet Union made East European counties, such as Poland, its satellite countries and tried to maintain security on its western borders. In short, the United States tried to keep security by establishing “organizations, ” while the Soviet Union searched for security through “space.”
This tendency of the Soviet Union to secure “space” outside of its borders, could be true also in the east. In the negotiation of the Sino-Soviet frendship treaty of alliance and mutual support in 1945, the Kuomintang Government of China was forced to accept most of the stipulations settled in the Yalta Conference. Those stipulations were promised in return for the participation in the war against Japan, without agreement of the Kuomintang Government. (They included the one to protect Soviet priority of interest in the Port of Dairen, or to grant the lease of Port Arthur as a navy base of the Soviet Union.)
This paper tries to focus on the process where by Chinese government aimed to recover Port Arthur and Dairen. At first, the Kuomintang Government tried to solve this problem of recovering Port Arthur and Dairen through diplimatic negotiations. In June 1947, China sent an inspecting party to Port Arthur and Dairen, but the Soviet Union was not sulficiently cooperative to permit full inspection. Subsequently, the Kuomintang Government was banished from the Continent of China without recovering Port Arthur and Dairen, and this task was taken over by the government of the People's Republic of China.
The government of the People's Republic of China was later able to recover rights and interests in its territory including Port Arthur and Dairen that was previously been obtained by the Soviet Union. As a result, the Soviet army began to withdraw from Dairen on February 24th, 1955 and completed its withdrawal on May 31st. Since then, the People's Republic of China has strictly refused to accept military installations of the Soviet Union on its territory.

抄録全体を表示