Pathological examinations diagnosed in the department of oral pathology of Iwate Medical University in 1998, were statistically reviewed.

A total of 728 biopsy was discovered among 614 cases (Male:255, Female:359). And the cases were found most frequently in the seventh decade. Thirty three frozen section diagnoses were revealed.

In histological classifications of the lesions (age), odontogenic lesions consisted of 3 ameloblastomas (16.0±7.0), 5 odontomas (23.0±24.7) and 2 malignant ameloblastomas. The non-odontogenic benign lesions were 25 fibrous hyperplasias (54.9±16.1), 13 irritation fibromas (60.1 ±9.4), 19 hyperkeratoses (1eukoplakia) (61.3±11.9), 7 epithelial dysplasias (68.6±1LO), 13 hemangiomas (48,5±21.6), 5 papillomas (61.0±22.2), 5 pleomorphic adenomas (37.0士16.0).

And non-odontogenic malignant lesion consisted of 49 squamous cell carcinomas (60.6±14.8), 3 malignant melanomas (75.0±2.2), 2 verrucous carcinomas (78.0±2.0), 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas and 2 malignant lymphomas. The odontogenic cyst consisted of 41 radicular cysts (40.8±13.1), 13 primordial cysts (38.3±18.2) and 18 dentigerous cysts (30.1±17.2). The non-odontogenic cyst consisted of 39 mucoceles (21.3±18.0), 29 postoperative maxillary cysts (51.0±11.7) and 8 incisive canal cysts (51.9±19.6). In addition, 27 Sjögren syndromes (55.2±16.8), 10 lichen planus (59.1±10.0) and 20 epulides (chronic localized hyperplastic gingivitis) (42.7±16.7) were revealed.

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Pathological examinations diagnosed at our department in 1999 were statistically reviewed.The number of the examinations amounted to 640 from 528 cases (Male: 224, Female: 304). And,the cases were found the most frequently in the seventh decade (110 cases).In histological classifications of the lesions (mean age±SD), odontogenic tumor consisted of 4 ameloblastomas(37.0±11.9), 3 odontomas (13.3±6.0), and one ameloblastic fibroma (6.0). The non-odontogenic benign lesions were 23 fibrous hyperplasias (52.7±19.8), 11 hyperkeratosis (leukoplakia) (62.6±10.8), 11 hemangiomas (47.2±17.5), 9 papillomas (50.2±19.8), 5 epithelial dysplasias (54.5±21.8), 5 osteomas(exostosis), 5 periapical cemental dysplasias (50.0±16.3), 4 papillary hyperplasias (64.8±12.3), 4 pleomorphic adenomas (57,0±23.8), and 3 irritation fibromas (61.0±3.6). And, non-odontogenic malignant tumor consisted of 45 squamous cell carcinomas (66.0±11.7), 2 verrucous carcinomas (71.5±9.5), one adenoid cystic Carcinoma, one mucoepidermoid carcinoma,one salivary duct carcinoma, and one rhabdomyosarcoma. The odontogenic cyst consisted of 41 radicular cysts (49.2±17.5), 11 primordial cysts(32.1±22.3), 13 dentigerous cysts (27.1±16.3). The non-odontogenic cyst consisted of 45 mucoceles (31.3±20.8), 22 postoperative maxillary cysts (54.9±13.3), and 4 incisive canal cysts (45.8±15.1). In addition,20 Sjögren syndromes (50.6±17.1), 22 lichen planus (63.0±8.4), 20 chronic localized hyperplastic gingivitis (40.5±18.7), 8 dental granulomas (34.3十11.9), and 9 osteomyelitis were revealed.

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Pathological examinations undertaken in our department in 2000 were statistically reviewed.
The number of biopsy materials amounted to a total of 631 from 531 cases(255 males,276 females).Cases in the seventh decade(122 cases)were found to be the most frequently.
In histological classifications of the exarninations, there were 160dontogenic benign tumors and tumor-like Iesions. The non-odontogenic benign tumors and turnor-like lesions consisted of 32 fibrous hyperplasias,16 hyperkeratoses(leukoplakias),14 hemangiomas,8 papillomas,7 pleomorphic adenomas, 6 irritation fibromas, 6 epithelial dysplasias, 5 1ipomas, 2 1ymphangiomas. Also found were 60 cases of non-odontogenic malignant which consisted of 53 squamous cell carcinomas,3verrucous carcinomas. The odontogenic cysts included 38 radicular cysts,10 prirnordial cysts,10 dentigerous cysts and 2 calcifying odontogenic cysts. The non-odontogenic cysts included 40 mucous retention cysts(mucocele),20 postoperative maxillary cysts, and 3 incisive canal cysts.
In addition,141ichen planuses,14 Sjogren’s syndromes,13 chronic and localized hyperplastic gingivitis(epulis)were found.

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A statistical report was conducted in order to investigate the real condition of pathological examinations diagnosed in our department in 1996.

A total of 667 biopsy materials was discovered among 536 cases (M;241, F;295). As for the histological classifications of these biopsy materials, odontogenic benign lesions consisted of 3 ameloblastomas and 30 dontomas. The non-odontogenic benign lesions were 36 fibromas, 15 hemangiomas, 8 papillomas, 6 pleomorphic adenomas, 31 ipomas, 11 chronic and localized hyperplastic gingivitis (Epulis) and 20 Sjögren’s syndromes. Also found were 54 cases of non-odontogenic malignancy which consisted of 48 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 verrucous carcinoma, 2 adenocarcinomas and 30 thers. Among the histologic types of odontogenic cyst, 43 radicular cysts, 14 primordial cysts and 14 dentigerous cysts were revealed. And the following types of non-odontogenic cyst were discovered: 24 mucoceles, 30 post-operative maxillary cysts and 4 incisive canal cysts. In addition, 20 hyperkeratosis (leukoplakias), 4 epithelial dysplasias and 51 chronic inflammatory (granulation) tissues were found.

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Pathological examinations diagnosed in the Department of Oral Pathology of Iwate Medical University in 1997, were statistically reviewed.Atotal of 638 biopsies was discovered among 562 cases (Male:266, Female:296). The cases were found most frequently in the seventh decade. In histological classifications of the lesions, odontogenic benign lesions consisted of five ameloblastomas, three odontomas, and one cementoma. The non-odontogenic benign lesions were 30 fibrous hyperplasias, 20 hyperkeratoses (leukoplakia),16 hemangiomas and 11 papillomas. Non’odontogenic malignant lesions consisted of 42 squamous cell carcinomas, 3 malignant lymphomas and 2 malignant melanomas. Odontogenic cysts consisted of 31 radicular cysts, 20 primordial cysts and 13 dentigerous cysts. The non-odontogenic cysts consisted of 39 mucoceles, 25 post-operative maxillary cysts and 5 incisive canal cysts. In addition, 27 Sj6gren syndromes, 16 lichen planuses, 13 epulides and 46 chronic inflammatory granulation tissues were found.

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Pathological examinations undertaken in 1995 at the Department of Oral Pathology, Iwate Medical University, were statistically reviewed.The number of biopsy meteriales examined amounted to 722 (including 83 requested from outside sources) from 577 cases. According to histological classifications, odontogenic benign lesions consisted of 5 ameloblastomas, 3 periapical cemental dysplasias, 20 dontomas, 1 squamous odontogenic tumor and l adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Of nonodontogenic benign lesions, 33 were diagnosed as fibromas or fibroma like lesions, 10 as hemangiomas, 9 as papillomas, 8 as lichen planus, 7 as foreign body granulomas, 4 as pleomorphic adenomas, 3 as osteomas, 2 as lipomas, and 2were neurofibromas. The malignant tumors consisted of 53 squamous cell carcinomas, 3 adenocarcinomas, and 4 other types. The odontogenic cyst consisted of 49 radicular cysts, 19 primordial cysts and 8 dentigerous cysts. Of nonodontogenic cysts, 27 were diagnosed as postoperative maxillary cysts, 25 as salivary gland cysts, 3 as simple bone cysts, 3 as epidermoid cysts, 2 as dermoid cysts and 2 incisive canal cysts. Also found were 26 cases of hyperkeratosis (leukoplakia), 10 epithelial dysplasias, 17 chronic and localized hyperplastic gingivitis (epulis), 31 with Sjögren syndrome, and 60 having chronic inflammatory (glanulation) tissue.

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Pathological examinations undertaken in 1993 at the Department of Oral Pathology, Iwate Medical University, were statistically reviewed. Total number of biopsy materials examined amounted to 644 (including 65 from outside sources) and from 512 cases (230 males; 282 females). By histological classifications, 3biopsies were odontogenic tumors. Of nonodontogenic benign tumors, 27 were diagnosed as fibromas, 7 as papillomas, 7 as hemangiomas, 4 as lipomas and 3 were pleomorphic adenomas. The malignant tumors consisted of 41 squamous cell carcinomas (tongue 17, gingiva 11, buccal mucosa 5, hard palate 2, oropharynx 2), 3 malignant melanomas, 2 adenoid cystic carcinomas and 22 carcinoma in situ. Upon examination of the histological types of odontogenic cysts, 37 were radicular cysts, 14 were dentigerous cysts and 13 were primordial cysts. Of nonodontogenic cysts, 34 were diagnosed as salivary gland cysts, 31 as postoperative maxillary cysts and 4 as epidermoid cysts. Also found were 22 cases of hyperkeratosis, 18 chronic localized hyperplastic gingivitis, 27 with Sjögren’s syndrome, and 70 having chronic inflammatory (granulation) tissue.

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This paper treats theoretical analyses to predict the steady flow characteristics of multiphase mixture in an air lifting pipe. When slurries containing solid particles such as manganese nodules are lifted from the deep-sea bed to the sea surface by an air lift pump, gas phase is injected halfway into a lifting pipe with a very large length ranging from the sea floor of about 5, 000 m in depth to the sea surface. Therefore, liquid-solid two-phase flow is formed in a deeper part of the lifting pipe, but changes into gasliquid-solid three-phase flow just after the position of the gas injection.
Here, the case is treated where slurries are the solid particles-sea water two-phase mixture before the position of the gas injection and the air-solid particles-sea water three-phase mixture after that. The equations governing the liquid-solid two-phase slurry flow consist of two continuity equations, two momentum equations and an equation for two-phase volume fractions. However, the gas-liquid-solid threephase flow field after the position of the gas injection is governed by three continuity equations, three momentum equations, a gas equation of state and an equation for three-phase volume fractions. In the two-phase region, the individual volume fractions and lifting velocities of the solid and liquid phases remain self-evidently unchangeable. The abrupt drop of the volume fractions as well as the abrupt jump of the lifting velocities occur at the transitional position from the two-phase to the three-phase flow. In the three-phase region, the three momentum equations for the individual phases are solved as the perturbation from the solutions to the equilibrium/homogeneous flow and then the remaining five flow properties are determined.
Some numerical experiments are performed using a set of five equations in the two-phase region and a set of eight equations in the three-phase region for determining the flow properties. By comparing the non-equilibrium solutions with the numerical results of the case where the three-phase flow is assumed to be in velocity equilibrium, it is numerically shown that the equilibrium solution gives a threshold of the highest possible solid-phase mass flux on condition that bath the gas-phase and liquid-phase mass fluxes are kept constant. With increasing solid particle size the non-equilibrium solution obtained directly as the perturbation from the equilibrium one is found to have a tendency to deviate from the original equilibrium one. Such important problems are described in detail.

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This paper is concerned with constructing the numerical model for steady gas-liquid-solid threephase mixture flow in a lifting pipe. Air lift pumps are regardedas one of the convenient means of lifting slurries and solid particles such as manganese nodules from the deep-sea bed of about 5, 000m to the sea surface.
Here, the case is treated where the three-phase fluid is the slurry consisting of very small air bubble phase and solid particle phase mixed in water phase. The equations governing the gas-liquid-solid threephase slurry flow are formed by three continuity equations, only one momentum equation, a gas equation of state andan equation for three-phase volume fractions. These six equations are cooperatedinto the only one equation to find the change in the gas-phase volume fraction according to the vertical position. Thereby, the remaining flow parameters can quantitatively be determined in the present model.
Again, some numerical experiments are performed using this model. When the gas-phase volume fraction is given at the deep-sea bed, the corresponding solid-phase volume fraction can be determined between the upper and lower limits. It is shown that the solid-phase volume fraction near the lower limits leads to increasing the lifting efficiency of the solid-phase. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that there is a limiting curve to predict the maximum solid-phase mass flux against the solid-phase volume fraction at the deep sea bed.

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A statistical report was conducted in order to investigate the real condition of pathological examinations diagnosed in our department in 1994.

A total of 660 biopsy materials was discovered among 523 cases (M;222, F;301). As for the histological classifications of these biopsy materials, odontogenic benign lesions consisted of 5 ameloblastomas, 7 odontomas, and 6 apical cemental dysplasias. The non-odontogenic benign lesions were 20 fibromas, 10 papillomas, 14 hemangiomas, 2 lipomas, 6 pleomorphic adenomas, 12 chronic and localized hyperplastic gingivitis (Epulis) and 27 Sjögren’s syndromes. Also found were 66 cases of non-odontogenic malignancy which consisted of 51 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 verrucous carcinoma, 4 adenocarcinomas and 7 others. Among the histologic types of odontogenic cyst, 46 radicular cysts, 12 dentigerous cysts and 13 primordial cysts were revealed. And the following types of non-odontogenic cyst were discovered:34 salivary gland cysts, 26 postoperative maxillary cysts and 3 incisive canal cysts. In addition,18 hyperkeratosis (leukoplakia), 7 epithelial dysplasias, 33 chronic inflammatory (garanulation) tissues were found.

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Pathological examinations undertaken in our department in 2002 were statistically reviewed. There were 602 examinations for 460 cases (Male 227, Female 233) Cases were most frequent in patients in their sixth decade (99 cases) According to histological classifications of the lesions (mean age±SD), odontogenic tumors consisted of 2 ameloblastomas (65 5±12 5), 4 odontomas (24 3±12 2) and 1 odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma (22) The non-odontogenic benign lesions were 29 fibrous hyperplasias (57 0±17 4), 23 hyperkeratoses (leukoplaskia) (57 3±16 2), 10 papillomas (62 1±143), 9 irritation fibromas (63 0±13 4), 8 hemangiomas (57 5±9 2), 6 papillary hyperplasias (65 7±13 7), 5 osteomas (exostosis, enostosis) (55 2±8 0), 4 epithelial dysplasias (60 8±13 3) and 4 penapical cemental dysplasias (45 3±5 7), 3 pleomorphic adenomas (44 3±5 7) Non-odontogenic malignant tumors consisted of 56 squamous cell carcinomas (658±126), 3 malignant lymphomas (68 7±20 1) The odontogenic cysts consisted of 37 radicular cysts (42 8± 15 7), 27 dentigerous cysts (42 9±186) and 16 primordial cysts (43 4±18 7) The non-odontogenic cysts consisted of 30 mucous retention cysts (mucoceles) (22 5±13 7), 18 postoperative maxillary cysts (56 7±9 1), 5 incisive canal cysts (49 8±3 7) and 2 simple bone cysts (13 0±1 4). Also found were 35 chronic inflammatory (granulation) tissues (54 7±14 1), 20 chronic localized hyperplastic gingivitises (epuhses) (50 4±16 8), 13 Sjogren syndromes (54 7±13 0), 10 sialohthiases (56 8±13 3), 7 lichen planuses (64 3±83), 7 dental granulomas (32 7±6 8) and 5 chronic (inflammatory) ulcers (61 0±7 5).

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This paper presents an experimental investigation of an axial developing process of bubble and slug flow patterns for airwater mixtures upward flowing. The experiments were carried out in a transparent aclylic plastic pipe of 39.6 mm diameter and 5.66 m length. To investigate the effect of inlet conditions on the flow characteristics four air injectors were used and void properties such as bubble transit frequency, void fraction, bubble transit length and bubble velocity were measured by electrical resistivity probe technique up to the axial position of 100 pipe diameters from the air injector. Also axial pressure distributions were measured.
The results are as follows: It is difficult to examine the entrance region by the pressure gradient in bubble and slug flow patterns because the static pressure changes monotonously. In the flow conditions of transition from bubble to slug flow patterns the flow properties of entrance region depend on inlet conditions. In the case of slug formation at just near air injectors the developing process is independent of inlet conditions and the flows develop at the axial position of 80 to 100 pipe diameters.

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Pathological examinations diagnosed at our department in 2001 were statistically reviewed. There were 641 examinations for 516 cases (Male: 244, Female 272). Cases were most frequent in patients in their seventh decades (106 cases). In histological classifications of the lesions (mean age ±SD), odontogenic tumors consisted of 5 ameloblastomas (40.4±25.2), 2 odontomas (20.2±8.0), and one malignant ameloblastoma (33.0). The non-oclontogenic benign lesions were 44 fibrous hyperplasias (55.2±18.9), 28 hyperkeratosis (leukoplakia) (55.7±13.4), 7 hemangiomas (65.6±5.9), 6 pleomorphic adenomas (56.7±11.5), 6 osteomas (exostosis, enostosis), 4 papillomas (80.7±7.4), 4 epithelial dysplasias (61.5±11.9) and 3 periapical cemental dysplasias (30.1±13.7). Non-odontogenic malignant tumors consisted of 53 squamous cell carcinomas (68.1±12.6) and 3 verrucous carcinomas (71.7±4.8). The odontogenic cysts consisted of 45 radicular cysts (45.2±14.3), 21 dentigerous cysts (41.4±19.9) and 8 primordial cysts (29.9±11.3). The non-odontogenic cysts consisted of 44 mucoceles (30.3±22.6), 18 postoperative maxillary cysts (56.1±11.4), 3 incisive canal cysts (54.3±9.9) and 2 dermoid cysts (16.5±2.5). In addition, 10 Sjogren syndromes (53.9±11.0), 7 lichen planus (69.1±12.9), 26 chronic localized hyperplastic gingivitis (epulis) (60.1±15.7) and 6 dental granulomas (50.5±16.9) were revealed.

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  For the purpose to evaluate the tissue reaction of root canal filling materials, the poly-tetraflourethylen tubes which were filled with 4 kinds of root canal filling materials were implanted into the rat subcutaneous tissue.

  The tissue reactions were studied for 12 weeks after the implant, and the results were compared and examined.

  The results obtained were as follows :

  1. The poly-tetraflourethylen cylinder as control, Opian Gutta and Canals were surrounded by fibrous connective tissue after 8 weeks.

  2. The invasion of granulation tissue continued into Sealpex with exudative changes, and many foreign body giant cells were observed in this tissue.

  3. After 8 weeks, granulation tissue decreased and fibrous connective tissue sorrounded GP Sealer, but also endocytosis by some macrophages was occured.

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The present paper is concerned with a theoretical analysis of the steady characteristics of an air-lift pump system for conveying the marine mineral resources from the deep-sea bed to the sea surface. Here, the effect of pressure drop owing to the friction between the fluid and the inner wall of the pipe is taken into consideration. Some numerical experiments have been carried out using a set of five equations in the solid-liquid two-phase region and a set of eight equations in the solid-gas-liquid three-phase region for determining the nonequilibrium flow properties. In particular, the influence of the pipe diameter as well as the liquid-phase velocity on the solid-phase mass flux to be lifted has been examined from a numerical point of view. It has been quantitatively demonstrated how the mass flux of mineral ores decreases because the pressure drop due to the wall friction becomes more remarkable as the liquid-phase velocity is higher and the pipe diameter is selected to be smaller. Again, the critical condition whether or not solid particles can be lifted has been indicated with the liquid-phase velocity and the pipe diameter as parameters. Such important problems are described in detail.

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