THE RAPID INCREASE IN LAND PRICE IN THE 1980S HAD ITS ORIGIN IN THE COMMERCIAL LAND APPRECIATION IN THE WARDS OF TOKYO METROPOLIS. THIS SPREAD OF THE LAND PRICE INCREASE AMONG LARGE CITIES IS EXPLAINED WITH THE URBAN SYSTEM. LAND PRICE FLUCTUATIONS IN LOCAL CITIES, HOWEVER, CAN NOT BE CLARIFIED ONLY FROM THE URBAN HIERARCKY. REGIONAL FACTORS SHOULD BE REGARDED AS IMPORTANT IN CASES OF LOCAL AREAS. THIS PAPER HAS PURPOSES OF POINTING OUT CHARACTERISTICS ON THE LAND PRICE FLUCTUATION IN LOCAL CITIES AND MAKING THEIR REGIONAL FACTORS CLEAR.

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鹿児島県は太平洋戦争末期において小都市に至るまで戦災を被った。本論は、こうした鹿児島県下の地方小都市の戦災復興都市計画における広場の計画に着目した研究である。その目的は広場の計画と実施状況を把握することでその特色を明らかにすること、実施された広場の現況および現況に至る過程での改修・改変の実態を明らかにすることを通して、都市計画資産の継承について問題提起することである。本報告で明らかとなったことは、鹿児島県の小都市では、ロータリーや親水空間などが計画され、都市美の形成を意図した広場が実現したこと。しかしながら、当初計画では美観や親水性に考慮して設けた広場が、交通優先の機能重視の改変によって、その空間的価値や意味を喪失し、現在では市民の空間としての価値が認識されることのない状況にあること。以上である。

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This paper clarifies the foundation process and projects of the Kagoshima City Housing Association (KCHA) from 1945 to 1966. We evaluate the importance of KCHA as a working organ for the housing policy, also the characteristics of their architectural works. A commercial union took the initiative in KCHA's foundation, and the revival through the commercial activation, not only by the housing supply, was the particularity of KCHA's performance. Staff of the architectural section of the Kagoshima City Office involved to the advanced design projects, such as shop-houses, apartments, suburban residential developments with detached houses.

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In this study, we clarified the following points.
(1) Kagoshima City has a population of about five hundred thousand. Its regional characteristics, briefly described, are-the warm and rainy climate, the“Shirasu” Plateau, ashfalls of Sakurajima volcano, a large influx of population; Nishi Station has become the center of traffic. Both oshimatsumugi (pongee) and shochu (an alcoholic drink) are the typical local industries, and the city's wholesale trade occupies the largest position in the Southern Kuyshu District.
(2) We analyzed the formative factors of land values in urban and non-urban land use statically and dynamically. By this, we clarified the relation between land values and accessibility from the station or land productivity. Thus we made model formulas about their relations.
(3) The city center with the highest land price moved to Tenmonkan St. from the front of Kagoshima Station with the traffic improvements and the new residential developments in front of inland. A secondary central place (subcenter shopping streets) is developing in front of Nishi Station which has become the transportation gateway, but the land prices there are now about half of the city center.
(4) We made model formulas of the land prices and the proportions of land utilization in the shopping streets, And then tried to analyze the land prices and the proportions of different types of stores. Moreover, we tried to calculate the locational competitive index of the major commercial functions. We also made model formulas of the relation between the flow of pedestrian traffic and land prices, and the number of visitors of the city and the trend of the highest land values. Thus, we could grasp the formation mechanism of land prices.
(5) We analyzed quantitatively the disparity between economic rents (net income of land) and land prices of representative industries (stores, inns, hotels & factories) in the city. From this analysis, we examined the various locational conditions in detail.
(6) We believe that this study will provide important information for comparison with many other cities in the future.
Note: In this paper, “land value”means the land values assessed by fixed property tax and capitalized land values, while“land price”means the actual selling price.

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Needle calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals were added into a supersaturated solution obtained from reaction between two aquous solutions of calcium chloride and ammonium sulfate, and were suspended by agitation. Size distributions of suspended crystals were observed every one or two hours.
The average size of latitudinal length of large crystals increased with operating period. From the data the rate of increase of the average size was calculated and was correlated with the supersaturation. But the size distribution of longitudinal length was scarcely changed through these operations of 9 hours. The total number of suspended large seed crystals was constant through operating period, but many fine crystals came out. The average size of the fine crystals suspended with large crystals increased or decreased with operational period. Then within the operational conditions of these tests, needle crystals suspended in a solution were considered to be broken on the edge of them.
On the other hands, the average size of latitudinal and longitudinal length of fine crystals without large crystals, increased until critical size of breakage.

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〔目的〕本研究の目的は，膝蓋骨の遠位方向へのモビライゼーション後の膝伸展筋力の測定を行い，関節運動反射の影響を検討することである。〔方法〕膝関節疾患を有さない対照群および介入群20 名ずつを対象とした。対照群・介入群はともに1 時間の休憩をはさみ，2 回膝伸展筋力を測定した。介入群では，1 時間の休憩後に膝蓋骨遠位方向へのモビライゼーションを実施し，直後に膝伸展筋力を測定した。この結果より，両群の前後の膝伸展トルク体重比および膝伸展トルク増加率を算出し比較を行った。〔結果〕対照群の初回と休息後の膝伸展トルク体重比では有意差は認められなかった。一方，介入群の初回と介入後の膝伸展トルク体重比では有意差が認められ（p＝0.03），膝伸展トルク増加率は11.4 ± 15.1％であった。〔結論〕今回の結果は，膝蓋骨の遠位方向へのモビライゼーションにより生じた関節運動反射が，大腿四頭筋における神経原性抑制を除去している可能性を示唆する。

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While driving, train drivers need to take into account a variety of work constraints involving safety, schedule adherence, passenger comfort, and so on. They rely largely on their own knowledge and capability to be aware of those constraints in order to comprehend the train state and carry out decision-making. In this study, we have conducted analysis of the train driving task to specify its constraint structure and requirements to information displays to support human drivers. Focusing on constraints for compliance with the regular running time, a configural display has been invented which visualizes the train speed with respect to the upper/lower speed boundaries of the running time constraint. After the classification of constraint-based and instruction-based approaches to task analysis, we empirically investigated advantages of the information display by comparing it with another display which gives more specific operational guidance in an instructive manner. Results indicate that, while performance variation among different drivers was reduced by both displays, the constraint-based display can give more opportunities to drivers to adapt themselves to variable work conditions.

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近年, 都市の盛衰やその相互関係と事業所の立地・集積との関係についてさまざまなところで論じられている. そして, その多くは主として東京・大阪・広域中心都市などを対象として, そこでの事業所の集中度やテリトリーの広域性などを論証したものとなっている. 本研究においては, 都市システムの中で広域中心都市の下に位置付けられる鹿児島市の支店を対象とし, アンケート調査をおこない, その立地変遷とテリトリーについて検討を行った. そして以下のような結論が得られた. 他の県庁所在地都市においては, 1960年代中頃から支店の進出が活発化し, 1980年代に入ってもその動向が持続するという過程が指摘されているが, 鹿児島市ではそれは1970年代に入ってから活発化し, 1980年代には停滞するという過程がみられる. この過程の中で, 鹿児島市では市街地の南への拡大がみられた. 具体的には, 1970年代に入ると新たに進出した製造業の支店の多くが市南部に立地し, 1980年代にはさらに市街地の北部に立地していた製造業, 建設業, 商業・サービス業の支店が南部に移転したことなどがみられる. 多くの場合, 都市システム論の中で鹿児島市は福岡市の下での県庁所在地都市として位置付けられる. そして, この県庁所在地都市に立地する支店のテリトリーは原則として県域とみなされているが, 鹿児島市では全体の4割程度の支店のテリトリーが宮崎県を中心とした近県にまで及んでいる. とりわけ製造業ではその割合が5割をこえていて, 多くの県庁所在地の支店でみられるよりも広いテリトリーがみいだされる. また, このテリトリーの将来動向については, 全体では3割程度が, 製造業では5割程度が変更を予測している. なお, 鹿児島市においては, 支店の進出過程, 立地変遷, 現在と将来のテリトリーのいずれにおいても製造業の支店の果たす役割が大きいことが明らかになった.

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　港湾水域は，多くの水生生物にとって貴重な静穏域であるが，閉鎖的で水質・底質などの水域環境が悪化しやすい側面を抱えている．このような水域環境の悪化の対策として，福井県敦賀港では貝殻を使用した水質改善礁を設置している．発表者らはこの水質改善礁の水質浄化効果を定量的に評価するため，四季を通じてテストピースを引き揚げ，水槽内に静置した後珪藻を添加し経時的な変化を調べた．結果，水槽内の珪藻細胞数や有機態炭素量は添加直後から減少し，目視でも徐々に水が透明になっていくことで水質浄化効果が確認された．水温の低い季節ではその能力は低下したものの，年間を通じて水質浄化効果は発揮されていた．また，この水質浄化の経済効果は下水処理費用に換算すると水質改善礁16基で年間455万円に相当すると試算された．

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The land coverage changes on the Mizushima and Kojima districts, Okayama Prefecture have been observed by using Landsat TM image data and digital map information to trace the process of industrialization and predict the capability of future development in these districts. The geographical changes in the past some decades have been found by overlaying old maps onto the TM image data. The environmental conditions in these coastal areas were discussed from a point of view of human activities.
The industrialization of the Mizushima district was done from 1960's through 70's but little geographical change has been made in the past near decade. On the other hand, that of the Kojima district have not been made, but the wide-reclaimed salt pans are still left without using as industrial site.
We compared two TM images (1984, 1990) of the Mizushima district with each other by using tasselled cap transformation (TCT) to examine the change of land coverage by time elapssing. It has been found that the Mizushima industrial complex is grown up as a fully developed area.

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