This study intends to clarify winning techniques by analyzing the Intercollegiate competitions of the Students Karate-do league of 1992. It also investigates the difference of winning techniques between male and female students. The study group was composed of 136 male and 60 female students participated in the 36th All-Japan Intercollegiate Karate-do Individual Competition.

Judging from the winning techniques, a double point win had a higher ratio than winning by a decision for both male and female students. Another notabale was, even after revising the rules of the karate-do match, a thrust was concentrated up to about 80% in the male matches. In the female matches the thrust was 90%.

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The Japan Karate-do Federation (JKF) decided to implement Doping Control (here in after DC), following the regulations and methods for anti-doping of the International Olympic Committee and the World Karate-do Federation. The JKF made its own manual for DC, educating staff and enlightening players and coaches, and put it into effect for the first time at the 3rd World Woman's Karate championship held in Fukuoka on the 11th July 1992. In July 1995, Tokyo became officially recognized as the permanent venue for the Lady's International Karate-do championship.
The DC panel and sample-taking team members are mainly drawn from the JKF Medical Science Committee who conducts anti-doping education focusing on members of the JKF national team. No player had refused drug testing until the championship held on Nov.15 2001. Also, their 53 samples have yet to show any positive reaction for punishment. Although detailed regulations for random testing are set out in the JKF and DC manual no such testing has been conducted as yet.
After sample taking, some parts were in compliance with the manual, but they were amended each time. A significant number of problems at the testing station both procedural and practical still need to be addressed, e. g. insufficient space, inadequate toilet facilities and a lack of securable premises, as well as a lockable refrigerator.
Since Med. Science Committee members do not accompany teams going to tournaments overseas, coaches are now provided with the medicines for each of the subjective and objective symptoms (corresponding to DC) that may be made available to team members when deemed necessary.

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This reseach was to test how muscle groups work during basic practice by the use of EMG. Karate has many basic techniques but we chose standing posture and punching among them. We also tested the relation between breathing with standing posture and with punching.
The subjects were a yudansha of 2nd dan grade and one beginner.
The postures chosen to be tested were NAIHANCHIDACHI and SHIKODACHI. In NAIHANCHIDACHI muscles of the lower leg (musculi membri inferioris) and in SHIKODACHI extensors of the lower extremity were found to be moved in action. It was noticed that in the case of the former, the gluteus maximus acted as an extensor and in the case of the latter the rectus abdominis acted as a flexor.
Concerning the method of punching, JUNZUKI and GYAKUZUKI were chosen. In the postures of JUNZUKI and GYAKUZUKI of the expert (YUDANSHA), only the biceps brachii were employed. It was noticed that before the action of TSUKI, the biceps brachii worked momentarily to gather momentum, and after that working of muscles which fixed joints of the upper extremities simultaneously was noticed.
In the posture known as NOKOSHI, after the full extention of the punch (TSUKI), the trapezius and the deltoideus, which support the brachii, were found to be operating. Halfway through the movement we could see that the biceps brachii was working and the movement of the deltoideus disappeared. It suggested that one of the skills was to diminish muscular tension and it became clear that the beginner, did not have such a skill sufficiently, especially in the posture of NOKOSHI.
Furthermore, in the study of the way of punching we examined the method of pulling back the hand immediately at and after the climax of the punch, a style which has come about due to the nature of matches. We made them perform in two ways. One was from the first method and second was by jumping in from an OKURIASHI movement. In both cases the movement of the muscles in KAMAE, TSUKIDASHI and KIME was the same as each other but it was noticed that muscle tension quickly becomes lax after reaching KIME of TSUKI. This is due to the pulling back movement. This was especially noticeable with the beginner.
Concerning breathing and movement at the time of punching. The subject began the movement at the end of inhalation and after holding the breath to reach TSUKI at the beginning of exhalation. The time of the change of breathing and the dissappearance of the muscular discharge often coincided, it is suggested that this skill of decrease of power can be learned by paying attention to breathing.

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This study intends to clarify winning techniques by analyzing the Intercollegiate competition of the Students Karate-do league of 1992. The study group was composed of 155 male and 15 female students participated in the 41st All-Kyushu Intercollegiate Karate-do Team Kumite Competition.
Judging from the winning techniques, in male,31.8% was winning by decision and 68.2% was winning by double point; in women,100% was winning by double point. Another notable was, even after revising the rules of the karate-do match, a thrust was concentrated up to about 86% in both male and female matches.

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Our aim was to investigate aerobic and anaerobic power, correctly measuring metabolic response during graded maximal exercise testing and short-term high power testing continuously for four years, from 1996 to 1999. The subject, who was twice the male national karate champion, was recruited to participate the experiments. The subject underwent the incremental exercise test every 30 watts/3 min until exhaustion to measure the peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), CO₂ production, (VCO₂peak) and ventilation (VEpeak) as an index of the aerobic power, and to determine capillary blood lactate concentration ( [La]b) VO₂peak were 50.6, 45.2, 52.1, and 53.0 ml/kg/min, respectively. Peak [La] b increased 4.40, 6.15, 7.10, and 6.51 mM/L, respectively, and the delayed onset of blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise was also observed, being due to higher buffering capacity which is associated with glycolytic enzymes in the muscles. Anaerobic power as measured by the total power for 10 sec on a high-power bicycle ergometer also increased from 936 to 1053 watts, which revealed a much higher anaerobic power compared with competitors in other sports. These results suggest that the karate champion in the heavy weight class had relatively average aerobic power and additionally greater anaerobic power, which may be due to glycolytic potential in the skeletal muscles.

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This study was intended to clarify the characteristics of scoring techniques in karate-kumite competitions in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympic Games, to learn about the tactical behavior of modern world-class athletes, and to acquire knowledge effective for coaching practices. The target of analysis was the performance of 60 athletes in 132 kumite matches at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympic Games. There were a total of nine types of analysis item, comprised of three types of punching techniques, five types of kicking techniques, and one type of takedown technique, which were then classified into 18 offensive and counter techniques. These techniques were then placed into three categories: scoring techniques (techniques that resulted in points), non-scoring techniques (techniques that were executed but did not result in a point), and the total of initiated techniques. The analysis concluded that more points were scored by punching techniques than by kicking techniques. The points scored by punching techniques as an offensive technique accounted for 286 (56.9%) of all athletes’ scores, of which 247 (49.1%) were punching techniques to the upper part of the body. Among the kicking techniques, middle roundhouse kicks accounted for 45 (9.5%) of the total, which was the most common result. In terms of the relationship between match duration and techniques, scoring techniques, non-scoring techniques, and initiated techniques tended to increase toward the end of matches. In particular, it was clarified that initiated techniques and non-scoring techniques increased greatly from 0:29 to 0:00 of remaining match time. The number of scoring techniques and the rate of effectiveness showed a decreasing trend from the first- to the ninth-placed group. The results showed that the effectiveness rate, which considered both the number of points and the number of initiated techniques, provided valuable numerical information indicating performance trends related to scoring. The results also showed that the effectiveness rate used in this study was valid as numerical information that corroborates the result ranking of competitions, and it was considered effective in indicating performance trends as it provided more detailed information, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the results. These findings suggest that the performance evaluation method based on an objective evaluation is an effective method for coaching practice because it can specifically evaluate the accuracy of techniques.

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