The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how the turn styles of the body trunk and the shift of the rotation axis have transformed as the golf swing has evolved. For the purposes of this study, the 4 basic swing types (“wrist turn/I type”, “wrist turn/reverseC type”, “no-wrist turn/reverse-C type”, “no wrist turn/I type”) identified in a previous work (ANDOH/ASAOKA 2003) and the “wrist turn/the first stage-I type” swing used in the 19th century were selected for analysis. From an analysis of photographs of the 5 swing types, a comparative analysis was conducted of the turn styles of the body trunk and the shift of the rotation axis, and structural characteristics of each of the swing types were revealed. Following these findings, it is demonstrated in this study how the turn styles of the body trunk and rotation of the axis have transformed with the evolvement of the golf swing.
The following are the findings of this study. The movements of the “wrist turn/the first stage-I type” have evolved from the “no wrist turn/I type” swing by reducing the degree of rotation of the shoulder and waist and widening the movement of the lower body to the left. The golf swing has evolved further from here and the lack of movement of the upper and lower body has transformed the swing in the “no wrist turn/I type”. Following this, the shift of the waist to the left when finishing the “wrist turn/I type” swing hase volved into the “wrist turn/reverse-C type” which has further evolved into the “no-wrist turn/reverse-C type” from holding the head steady in place.
Following this, the turn movements of the “no wrist turn/I type” swing, which is not generally accepted as a swing type, were considered to provide two benefits to the golf swing, as listed below.
1)Larger degree of rotation of the waist and shoulder than other swing types
2)Formation of straight-line impact zone from a swing arc that is larger than other swing types.
Through these discussions, the structural characteristics of the “no wrist turn/I type” have been ascertained as the shifting of the rotation axis of the impact zone in a horizontal direction, and enhancing the upper body movement by bringing the right leg closer to the left leg at the time of the finish. It is considered that the step-by-step process to acquire the structural characteristics of the “no wrist turn/I type” swing will be required in the future.
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