非言語メディアは本質的に曖昧かつ主観的な記述でしか表現できないという性質がある.これまで,音楽,絵画,造形,モーションといった非言語メディアのデザイン支援の研究は,人工知能とあまり関連づけることなく,また互いにも関連づけることなく進展してきた.しかし,非言語メディアのデザイン支援の研究事例を俯瞰してみると,意外にも共通点が多いことに気づく.例えば,デザイン対象である非言語メディアの表現・記述の階層構造,すでに存在するコンテンツをいずれかのレベルで再利用して新しいコンテンツを生成する方法論,デザインプロセスにおける創造性支援などが共通点としてあげられる.本近未来チャレンジテーマ「事例に基づくデザイン支援と評価基盤の構築」は,「事例」の再利用・転写に焦点を当てて,非言語メディアのデザイン支援評価基盤に取り組むものとして,2002年に提案,採択された.2003年から,5年間のセッションの実施,サバイバルを果たし,今回,卒業となった.この間,「事例」の再利用・転写の技術,アプリケーションに関するテーマを中心に,メディア記述の定式化,「事例」参照デザインの社会インフラストラクチャ構成,評価手法を扱った38件の研究発表がなされ,2006年には,本チャレンジの提案者の一人平田圭二(NTT)の発表が本学会の全国大会優秀賞に選ばれた.本チャレンジ「事例に基づくデザイン支援と評価基盤の構築」が無事卒業となったことで,記念行事を執り行おうというお話がもち上がり,2008年10月4日に2名のゲストディスヵッサント西田豊明氏(京都大学),諏訪正樹氏(慶應義塾大学)をお迎えして,関西学院大学梅田キャンパスで座談会を執り行うこととなった.本稿では,その模様について報告する.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the formational process of the thought about women and bushido seen in Kendo Gokui (1916) by Kagawa Teru. To achieve that aim, the first step was to reveal the context of the thought between women and bushido in the chapter of general statement of Kendo Gokui while looking at the meaning and positioning of bushido. Next, the background of formation of the thought was explored through analyzing the descriptions in the journal titled Seikou.

The results of this study are shown below.

1. Kagawa states in the chapter of general statement of Kendo Gokui that the concept of bushido was to be calm and resolute against those who are strong and fierce, and show love to those who are weak and suffering. The terms “jindo” (human way) or “Nihon-do” (Japanese way) could also be used instead of “bushido”. Furthermore, Kagawa pointed out a problem with the term “bushido”. According to him, the concept of bushido has been misunderstood in that the spiritual characteristics of “do” (way) in the word “bushido” were only for samurai warriors (bushi), and had no relation to the other farmer, artisan, and merchant classes in Japan. Kagawa thought that from such an interpretation bushido is a “way” for all people and that even women should not be excluded from studying it and benefitting from it. For that purpose, Kagawa recommended practicing kendo. Thus, it became clear that in the relationship between women and bushido, for Kagawa these concepts were at the core.

2. When the background to the formation of thoughts on the relationship between women and bushido were explored, Kagawa’s view of women and interpretation of bushido in Kendo Gokui were found to be similar to an article he wrote in a journal called Seikou that was published in 1909. For this reason, this journal article by Kagawa was considered to be the beginning of his view on women and bushido found in Kendo Gokui.

3. The background of Kagawa’s article published in the journal Seikou in 1909, firstly, it was the close relationship between girls and budo in girls’ education in the middle and late Meiji era. It was confirmed that, as governor of Saga prefecture, Kagawa was involved in girls’ education by opening a girls’ high school. Furthermore, similarities were found between interpretations of the view of women and bushido in Kagawa’s Seikou article, and the view of women and bushido described in Bushido, edited by Abe Masato and published in 1902. This was not only because of the teacher-student relationship with Yamaoka Tesshu through Kagawa’s kendo training, but also the close time between the two discourses. From these facts, it can be said that the accounts of Yamaoka Tesshu’s verbal teachings were the background for the generation of the view of women and interpretation of bushido in Kagawa’s Seikou article.

Budo refers to Japanese traditional physical activities that have been developed under unique Japanese natural, cultural, and historical circumstances. It has characteristics as a cultural body that is able to pass traditions down to the next generations. In recent years, gender equality has become a common social attitude in the sporting world, even in Japan, and it influences the traditional budo world. National budo federations have tried to follow this trend; however, the kendo federations in particular struggle to find a proper balance between tradition and gender equality. To address this struggle, it would be helpful to clarify the traditional ideology toward women in kendo. The purpose of this research is to analyze the descriptions in modern kendo literature to reveal the traditional ideologies toward women. The descriptions were cited from 43 pieces of kendo literature that were published between 1884 and 1981 and that were involved in “Kindai kendo meicho taikei. " The descriptions were categorized into ten genres including Families or general women, Interpretation of “tae 妙, " Ethics of Confucianism and Buddhism, Ideal mother and wife, Strong-minded women, Rejection of women, Female budo practices, Women in PE and gymnastics, Promotion of kendo, and Promotion of kendo to women. Nakabayashi (1973) noted that the contents that were discussed in female budo studies were limited to two topics, such as Ideal wives or mothers at home and Self-protection, in his previous research; however, this present research reveals that there are broader discussions related to women in modern kendo literatures. Although most of the ten topics appeared as simple short descriptions in the modern kendo literature, Teru Kagawa (1862 – 1923) and Tadao Nawata (1895 – 1974) in particular encouraged women to practice kendo, devoting much space to the topic in their works. It is interesting to note that, even though both encouraged women to practice kendo, the foundations behind their ideas were completely different. Kagawa insisted that women should be independent through kendo, and Nawata insisted they should follow traditional ideologies through kendo.

サイエンスウィンドウ2010秋号の冊子体一式（PDF版）およびHTML版は下記のURLで閲覧できます。

https://sciencewindow.jst.go.jp/backnumbers/detail/8

目次

【特集】　ものづくりの力

p.06　ロボットをシンデレラに

p.08　地域がはぐくむロボット授業

p.10　心が通うおもちゃの修理

p.12　新幹線誕生物語

p.14　ものづくりと技術の考え方

p.16　小さいときからものづくり教育を

【TOPICS】

p.22　レポート 青少年のための科学の祭典

p.29　SSH 発表会「新型インフルエンザ感染の予測」神戸高校生

【連載】

p.02　似姿違質：スダチ　VS　カボス

p.18　人と大地：ウーメラ（オーストラリア）

p.20　いにしえの心：絹糸

p.21　タイムワープ夢飛翔：電波望遠鏡／宇宙に生命の仲間を探す

p.24　かがくを伝える舞台裏：J-WAVE『JAM THE WORLD』放送現場を訪ねて

p.25　サイエンスのお仕事図鑑：安全第一で鉄道を陰で支える土木技術

p.26　動物たちのないしょの話：ニホンアナグマ（秋田市大森山動物園）

p.28　ふるさと食の楽校：栗きんとん　岐阜県中津川市・恵那市

p.30　イチから伝授実験法：伝統的なおもちゃを作ってみよう

p.32　発見！ 暮らしのなかの科学：ドライクリーニングの不思議

p.34　せんせいクラブ

p.36　人と大地：解説