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  • 増田 正夫, 小澤 由行, 佐藤 久幸, 伏信 一慶, 岡崎 健
    日本機械学会論文集 B編
    2002年 68 巻 665 号 209-217
    発行日: 2002/01/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Thermal management is the crucial issue for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). This demands two challenging tasks for the system performance and the reliability; the membrane temperature must be kept within a certain range, and the generation of a hot spot must be avoided. In order to tackle this problem, a novel theoretical approach must be developed that considers both the electrochemical and the heat transport processes. In this study, the coupling phenomena of electrochemical reaction and heat transport in PEFC have been analyzed by using a newly developed simulation model. Effects of the various parameters on the thermal characteristics have been studied, and the mechanism of the hot spot generation on the membrane has been discussed. The validity of the present model has been confirmed by comparing with experimental results. It has been revealed that sufficient humidification and low utilizing rate of oxygen are effective to avoid the hot spot generation and to establish the uniform membrane temperature in the longitudinal direction.
  • 鈴木 克実
    映像情報メディア学会誌
    2023年 77 巻 3 号 409-414
    発行日: 2023年
    公開日: 2023/05/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    テレビの視聴時間は年々減少している.これに伴い,民間テレビ局は厳しい経営環境に置かれ,特に地方局は厳しい状況にある.そのような中,アニメ番組を中心に特色ある編成を行っている地方局も存在する.しかし,その内容は大人向けで放送時間も深夜帯となっているほか,制作方式にも変化が生じている.本稿ではインタビューを中心に地方局の有効な番組編成戦略はいかなるものかを,系列局と独立局2社のアニメ番組編成の事例から考察した.番組テーマの選別や編成時間の工夫,番組スキームの選択など,組織的な学習と戦略の実行により,番組視聴者を増やす可能性を示した.アニメのような特定のファン層を持つ内容の番組編成については,地域特性を見極め,環境や生活スタイルに合ったテーマを採用する.そして地域リソースを最大限に活かしつつ番組調達を行い,最適な枠に番組を編成することができれば,地方局は長期的な競争優位を獲得しうる.

  • ―そのタイプ分けと研究履歴との対応―
    関 博文, 植田 一博, 藤垣 裕子, 永野 三郎
    認知科学
    1999年 6 巻 4 号 419-431
    発行日: 1999/12/01
    公開日: 2008/10/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study investigated how scientists' backgrounds constrained their processes of problem formulation, that is the processes of representing an ill-defined problem as a more specific one. We provided various active scientists with an ill-defined theme and asked them to form a specific research plan which was related to the given theme. The coding of their protocol data showed that the processes of their problem formulation could be classified into five types. Then we compared four of the five types with the scientists' backgrounds which consist of their major research fields, journal enterprises, research goals, and available research methods. We found, as a result, inconsistency in the correspondence between the four types of formulation and their research fields/submitted journals which have been considered by researchers on social studies of science to be representative of the characteristics of scientific studies. On the other hand, we found consistency in the correspondence between the formulation types and their “background constructed by their research orientation” in their previous studies, which consists of two factors: research goals and available research methods. This background, that is, their research orientation is considered to be constructed by validation boundary of each journal enterprise. We propose, therefore, “background constructed by their research orientation”, as the representative of the characteristics of scientists' cognitive activities in problem formulation.
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