In almost every Kosekiku of Sakai Pref. founded public elementary schools in the 5th year of Meiji (1872) for the first time. They were called Kengaku-bunko in the urban district and Gogakko in the rural area. But in the next year according to the act of educational system called Gakusei they were abolished and new primary schools called Shogaku were founded in each Shogakku. This Shogakku was a type of school district and resembled closely to that in USA. In two years after the abolishment of Shogakku at the 12th year of Meiji, a new type of school district called Gakku was established. It was larger than Shogakku, and in over half of all prefectures it contained 1, 000∼2, 000 people and 1∼2 primary schools on the average. But in Osaka Pref. it was larger than in other prefectures and contained 3∼20 villages and 1∼6 primary schools, of which the name was changed to Shogakko.
According to the new act about Shogakko in the 23th year of Meiji, an ordinary primary school was founded in each new village to which several old villages combined under the new local administrative system, Choson-Sei. Afterwards, in the rural area the ordinary primary schools scarcely changed and each of school areas was coincident with its village area, while in the urban district school areas were established in the 34th year of Meiji for the first time and from that time they were reviced again and again.
In the Taisho Era (1912∼26), the population had increased in the villages neighboured with the urban district, and nearly all of those villages were incorporated into Sakai City.
In the Showa Era, the urban district extended with the years. In the new city area abovementioned ordinary primary schools increased and the school areas also repeatedly reviced. Such currents caused to disregard for the boundaries of the previous administrative units when the border lines of school area were decided. For example, in the 15th year of Showa (1940) parts of border lines of school areas were decided in disregard for the boundary of the old Sakai City. The changes of administration of education in the 31th year of Showa created difficulties in the revice of school areas. Therefore since this time school areas were reviced only when a new primary school was founded because of the increase of population.
Now in the old section of Sakai City and its neighbouring area primary schools have fewer pupils and more limited school areas, while they have more pupils and over half of them have larger school areas in the new city area incorporated in the Showa Era.

抄録全体を表示

The object of this chapter is to examine the abandonment of irrigation reservoirs and the changes in land use in Matsubara City in Osaka, during the period of the rapid economic development in Japan.
These irrigation reservoirs have been abandoned as a result of urbanization and in-dustrilialization. In Matsubara City, 59 irrigation reservoirs were reclaimed in the 24 years from 1958 to 1981, and the reclaimed land reached 68.141ha in area (including reservoirs reclaimed partly.) 54.1 percent of these 68.141ha has been used for public facilities, 17.0 percent for housing, and 9.2 percent for factories. Fields tend to be used much for housing or factory sites, and these reclaimed former reservoir sites are diverted more to public facility sites (Schools, Meeting halls, Playgrounds, Children's parks, etc.)
Matsubara City needed to be supplied with public infrastructure, as urbanization had proceeded without planning, so the irrigation reservoirs were used as building sites. That the rate of use for public facilities was high was due to this unplanned urbanization. Meanwhile the rate of use for housing has been also increasing in recent years, because public infrastructure needs have been virtually met and the financial condition of this city has become worse. The abandonment of irrigation reservoirs should be considered from both these perspectives.
In addition, the disuse of irrigation reservoirs has caused many problems: loss of pool function, financial problems in their disposal by sale, and re-organization of the utilization regulations. Especially the utilization regulations have become increasingly confused. This will be described in the next chapter.

抄録全体を表示