1. Glaciated topoyrapity.
A cirque has been found by the writer just to the north of the top of Mt. Tugitaka (3931m) in Formosa. It is enclosed by the two ridges that are projected out to the north and to the northeast from the main ridge, respectively, opening its mouth northeastward. The floor of the cirque has an elevation of 3818 nM. The lower part o f the wall which is composed of sandstone and shale, is buried by the detritus that has been produced by the vigorous weathering of the high mountains in the' tropical region.
2. Peneplain remnants.
It is a. noteworthy fact that flat topped surfaces are often found upon the interstream ridges and at the high level. They are erosion levels truncating the steeply inclined strata of sandstone and shale, and may well be regarded as peneplain remnants. The best examples of this kind are found In a long ridge stretching from Nokosan (3333m) to Antogunzan (3088m), and in a ridge near Tugitakayama (See Fig. 3, 5, 10 & Plate). The former lies at an elevation of 2900-3000m with its area about 32km², and the approximate elevation of the latterr is about 3500m The prominent peaks that protrude from the peneplain level are regarded as monadnocks.
3. Piedmont steps. Several steps of erosion levels that have been formed in the course of the succesive uplifts of the mountain lands are well preserved on some of the mountain slopes. The typical example is found near the hiking road that leads from Arisan' to Mt. Niitaka, where three steps of erosion levels are clearly observable at the heights of 2600m, 2800m in, and 3200m.
4. River terraces. River terraces are very well developed in the upperstream regions of the river Daikôkei, And Dakusuikei. The most conspicuous ones are found in the upstream of a tributary of the river Dakusuikei, where many steps of river terraces are observed between 1200m & 1820m. An astonishing heights of 2730m is measured at a river terrace that lies at the southern flank of Mashozokanzan (3246m).

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正宗巌敬氏の所有していた標本は正宗氏の死後神奈川県立博物館に寄贈された．私たちは正宗氏の標本を整理する過程で，福山伯明氏のラン科のタイプ標本が多数含まれていることを見出した．福山氏は第二次大戦前から戦中にかけて台湾に在住し，台湾・琉球・ミクロネシアのランの新種を100種以上記載した．福山氏は第二次大戦直後の混乱の中で死亡した．福山氏のタイプ標本の多くは福山氏個人の標本庫に収蔵されており，混乱の中で失われたと考えられていた．正宗氏は福山氏の分類学の指導者であったので，福山氏の死後彼の標本を日本に持ち帰ったものと考えられる．タイプ標本を含む福山氏の標本は植物とラベルが切り離され，正宗氏の標本の台紙に貼り直した形跡があった．福山氏自身のラベルは無傷のものもあるが，大部分は福山氏の採集番号が切り取られていた．また，福山氏のラベル自体が紛失し，正宗氏によって記入されたと思われるやや不完全なノートが添えてあるものが少なからず見出された．福山氏の採集番号があるものは正基準標本とした．福山氏のその他の標本はその存在を示すのみに留め，今回レクトタイプ標本の選定は行わないことにした．総計で福山氏の記載した68分類群のタイプに関係した標本について言及した．また，正宗氏が記載したランの10分類群のタイプに関係した標本も見出された．正宗氏の標本に関しても記載や写真などで正基準標本が特定される標本を除き，標本庫を明示していないタイプ標本はその存在を示すに留め，レクトタイプ標本の選定は今回行わなかった．原記載ではタイプ標本が台湾大学標本庫と明記されているが，台湾大学標本庫に存在の確認されない標本が多数存在するようである（Flora of Taiwan (1978）による)．今回再発見された標本のうち，該当する標本は台湾大学標本庫の求めがあれば移管する予定である．今回の報告をまとめるにあたり，貴重な意見を頂いた山崎　敬・永益英敏・門田裕一・許　建昌・林　讃標の各博士に謝意を述べたい．

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In Formosa there are many high mountains reaching heights of mofe than 3500m above the sea level, some of which stand above the timber line. At these heights we meet with vegetation that strongly resembles the alpine, but from the view point of the present climatic character of these regions alone, it seems that it is not true alpine, although a number of seemingly alpine plants are found, which, however, after careful investigation have turned to be rather few in number.
From the foregoing and other considerations, my conclusion is that, in recent geological times, the climate of Formosa either must have been cold enough to allow the alpine plants to thrive at such heights or the monuntain ranges in Formosa were so high that they could maintain a true alpine vegetation, but a change in climate, probably caused by the submergence of the island, forced the alpine plants to disappear, or almost disappear, leaving only such alpine plants as possessed the tendency to grow in the open and invade the lower tree-less subalpine regions, and continue to thrive there. I think this is the present state of alpine vegetation in Formosa.

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Sandstone slabs penetrated by numerous minute straight joints with very slight vertical displacements were recently found by RIN quite abundantly around the peak region of Nanko-Taizan, where physiogiaphical evidences of former glaciation seem to have been ascertained by TANAKA and KANÔ. They reported to have found there glacier-scratched boulder, for which Ris searched earnestly but in vain. The joints, or rather minute faults are represented by equally minute flexures here and there in the slate patch attached to the surface of the specimen.

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137)ネバリコゴメグサ 台湾,台北州の高山,の可なり高い所の草原や岩地等に生育するコゴメグサの一種で花が比較的大きく,且葉の両面が著しく粘るのが特徴である,この特徴にちなんで上記の和名をつけた.138)タロココゴメグサ 私の知って居る範囲では邦産中花の最も大きい種類で花冠の背面の長さが12-15 mm.腹面に於ては20mm. に近い仲々美しい種類である,台湾島内で景色で有名なタロコ峡の上流,タビトとカラパオとの中間,道路に近い崖の所で採集した.139)タカネルリサウ 台湾でと云えば植物の豊富な点で有名な山であるが,此の植物は同山の頂上に程近いブナツケイと云う野営地に生育して居る,全体に絨毛が多い為白色を呈し,花は普通のものよりも大形で花の色も濃く,美しい種類である.140)モミヂチドメ 台北市に近い七星山の中腹やその山麓の草山温泉の付近に生ずるチドメグサの一種で葉の分裂が深いのと,葉面に粗毛が可なり澤山生えて居るのが特徴である.141)タイワンミヤマタニタデ 台湾産のミヤマタニタデは茎,葉の表面,花軸等に短毛が稍密生して居る違ったものであるからタイワンミヤマタニタデと呼ぶ.142)ニヒタカフウロ ニヒタカフウロの学名Geranium uniflorum HAYATAは同じ名が以前に出版された事があり,使わぬ方がよいと思われるので新しくGeranium Hayatanum OHWIと呼ぶ,ハクサンフウロ等に似た美しい多年生草本で台湾の高山の草原に可なり澤山ある.

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In almost all the rivers of Formosa, we see numerous terraces (Fig. 17). The writer studied the terraces of the Takkiri River. Lying in the northeastern part of Formosa, it is about 45 km in length. It rises in the high mountains of Nankotaizan (3797m) and Gokanzan (3416m), and flows into the Pacific Ocean. The, terraces along the Takkiri are distributed as shown in Fig 1, the high ones of which have a relative height of 100m in its lower course and over 3003m above sea level in its upper course. The low terraces have relative heights of less than 100m. The larger ones along the Takkiri are mostly those formed by changes in the river course. There were two depositions; first, the high terraces were formed, followed by the low ones (Fig 7). The writer obtained a fossil (Celtis sp.) near the base of a high terrace and also striated gravels from that deposit (Fig 7) . The main terraces along the. Takkiri are as follows:
Name Above sea level (m) Relative height (m) Remarks Rotien. 155 120 Fig 3 Browan 392 192 Fig 5 Doyon 750 380 Fig 7 440 70 Daoras 710 230 Profile resembles Fig 7 Kumoheru 980 300 Fig 8 Siipau 980 380 Fig 9 Umezono 1100 380 Fig 10 Tausai 1420 430 Fig 11
Fig 13, 14, 15 show the Takkiri terraces projected over the profile of that river. From the projection, the writer believes tat deposition took place as shown in Fig 16. It is possible to conceive that depo-sition Occurred, resulting in two groups of terraces, high and low, in all the other rivers of Formosa. There seems to be no special reason for the development of the Takkiri terraces. The main accu-mulation terraces in Formosa with large relative height are as follows Name of rivers Name of terraces Above sea level (m) Relative height (m) Girandaktisui Menotan 1300 220 Daidakusni Piy ahaw 1060 200 Takkiri Tausai 1420 480 Tansui Teirikk 800 200 Taian Tengu 900 200 Taiko Sikayo 1650 100 Taito Makanaji 1200 100 Dakusui Trock 1520 180 Muso 1820 Sobun Tappo 980 140 Simotansui Magatun 909 150 Takkuf akura 1030 242 Regardless of the direction, rivers that take their rise in high moun-tain ranges have large deposition, and the development of terraces begin upstream. In those mentioned above, the cause of depostion may be either the subsidence of the whole of Formosa or climatic changes. As to the latter, it is reported that there are eirges at Nankotaizan and glacial relic flora and fauna in the high mountains of Formosa. To explain the depostion, climatic change is highly pro-bable. The cause of the revival of erosion may be also both crustalup he aval and climatic changes.

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