It is recognized that longevity is longer in females than in males in almost all countries. Prevalence of intractable diseases is larger in females than in males. From the aspect of trace element research the difference between females and males is considered. When male and female mice were given Mg deficient diet, mice died between 1 and 4 weeks without sex difference. When Mg and K deficient diet, male mice died before female mice. Mg concentrations in various organs of mice fed Mg and K deficient diet for one week, Mg concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, and bone of both males and females were significantly lower, and those in brain, liver, and muscle of males were significantly lower than corresponding controls. Mg concentrations in kidney and heart were kept the normal values. In various element concentrations in liver of mice fed Mg and K deficient diet, changing ranges were smaller in females than in males. It is clear that female homeostasis is stronger than males. Element concentrations in follicular fluid samples were analyzed. Concentrations of Mg, P, Se, and As had positive correlations with age, and negative correlation with blood estradiol concentration, and Mn concentration had negative correlation with age, and positive correlation with blood estradiol. Element concentrations of human breast milk were analyzed. Na and K concentrations were high soon after delivery, and gradually became steady state. Se concentration was not largely changed.
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