PDFを参照． （誤）硫酸(1+50), る．この溶液の…, 共有元素, 度法による, 度法による, 度法による, 法光度法による, に適用している． （正）硫酸(1+100), る．この流水中で3 min間冷却後この溶液の…, 共存元素, 光度法による, 光度法による, 光度法による, 光度法による, に適している．

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船底用防汚塗料中に含まれる銅およびスズを, 原子分析によって定量する方法について検討した。船底用防汚塗料 (約0.2g) を濃硝酸-濃硫酸 (3 : 1) による湿式法で加熱分解し, ろ過後, 1N塩酸で希釈し, 検量線法を用い銅およびスズを原子法により定量した。
その結果以下のようなことがわかった。
(1) 銅含有量30.2～48.9%の範囲で, 5回?繰り返し実験で求めた標準偏差パーセントは0.2～1.3%, 回収率は95.7～98.0%であった。
(2) スズ含有量0.52～9.30%の範囲で, 5回の繰り返し実験で求めた標準偏差パーセントは1.4～1.9%, 回収率は91.1～102%であった。
本法により, 船底用防汚塗料中の銅およびスズの含有量の測定を, JISK-5400に示された方法と比べて簡便, 迅速に精度よく行なう事ができた。

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Flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry method has been applied for analyses of some trace elements in silicate rocks such as Ba, V, Cu, Ni, and Co, having high energies of dissociation for oxides and being susceptible to interferences from other elements. For the determination of these elements, 0.1g of powdered samples was decomposed with a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, then dissolved by hydrochloric acid. The results on these elements in some silicate standard samples agreed well with those of reported values. For the determination of Sr, the ordinary method using air-acetylene flame with adding 1% of La to dissolved sample solution is more suitable.

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The purpose of this investigation was to establish a practical and accurate method for analyzing heavy metals in biological materials, particularly in edible animals.
This paper describes a simple method of biological tissue sample preparation, the "Mild Digestion Method, M-D" which can be used for the analysis of various metals, and what is compared M-D with the conventional method, the "Complete Dogestion Method, C-D" which is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid digestion. The tissue was added to 2 to 2.5 times its own volume of concentrated nitric acid and heated at a relatively low temperature (95-100°C), overnight. The product was directly used as a specimen for flame-AAS and non-flameAAS without any further chemical treatment. The following results were obtained:
1) The method was simple enough to prevent errors by contamination during the pretreatment process.
2) Only a small amount of nitric acid was required for digestion when an adequate apparatus and heating temperature were selected. The final volume was adequate for analysis. Additionally, the nitric acid inhibited the interference of the large amounts of sodium and potassium which existed in the biological materials.
3) Using this method, the measurement of metals at the ppm level was achieved by flame-AAS, and at the ppb level by non-flameAAS. The method, however, was inadequate for the analysis of arsenic without further chemical treatment.
4) The respective recovery (%) and the detection limits (ng/ml) by non-flameAAS were as follows: Cadmium 101 and 0.02, Lead 98 and 0.71, Manganese 108 and 0.21, Nickel 108 and 0.34, and Chromium 106 and 0.50.
The method was concluded to be simple, accurate and practically useful.

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近時, 測定法の進歩につれて, 歯質中の微量元素もかなり多数検出され且つ定量されるようになった。
著者らは, 今回歯質中の微量元素に関する研究の一環としてカドミウム (Cd) , 亜鉛 (Zn) , 鉛 (Pb) の定量を計画したわけだが, 3元素の検出限界あるいは測定操作上の利点等を考慮して, 定量法としては原子分析を採用することとした。そこで本方法を歯質に応用した場合の基礎的条件を多角的に検討し, 3元素の同時定量法を次のように確立することができた。
すなわち, 歯牙 (乾燥定量で200～550mg) を硝酸一過酸化水素水を用いて湿式灰化し, アンモニア水でpH 3に調整後, 液量をほぼ25mlとし, APDC 3%溶液5mlを加える。更にMIBK 10mlを加え, 抽出分離後, 3000rpm. で5分間遠心分離し, 原子分析をおこなう。ただし, 亜鉛は抽出液を100倍に希釈して測定に供する。なお, 標準液は, Cd, Zn, Pbの混合溶液を用いることとする。

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Extraction of arsenic, mercury, gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, zink and copper iodides with methylisobutylketone was examined in the sulfuric acid of concentrations from 0 to 15 normalities. Although, arsenic and zink iodides were extracted from 6 to 12 normalities, extraction of other metal-iodides were carried out in more wide range of sulfuric acid concentrations almost from 2 to 12 normalities. Iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium iodides, these, being chief biological elements of inorganic substances, were not extracted in the least into methylisobutylketone layer from sulfuric acid solution. Copper and zink were normal elements of biological materials and were extracted into methylisobutylketone layer by this procedures. The flame interferences of copper and zink were not recognized in determinations of gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium and cadmium. To investigate the influences of biological elements, mock solutions of human blood and urine were prepared. The addition of mock blood does not excessively interfere with determinations of arsenic, mercuy, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, silver and antimony with the exception of gold. However, with addition of mock urine negative interferences were strongly seen in antimony determination, while in mercury, indium and silver determinations only slight interferences were observed. To examine the influences of sample preparation techniques, gold, silver, indium, cadmium and copper were treated both by wet ashing (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and dry ashing. The recovery rates of such metals were almost above 90%, but in the treatment of dry ashing of gold only less than 60% was recovered. This procedure, in which only potassium iodides was added to sulfuric acid solution after the treatment of wet ashing and extracted with methylisobutylketone, is very simple and easy compared with chylating reagent method. Therefore, the minimum contamination from reagents and practices is expected.

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The FAM is a method of filtering river water and measuring a filter by the spectrophotometer with the integrating-sphere attachment. The Absorbance curve of the filter shows the character of particle matter in water. Three indices were already proposed: 1. Total Absorbance (TA), which indicates turbidity and is calculated as integrated value of absorbance curve at visible area, 2. Algae index (Al), which is an index of phytoplankton and measured as a subtraction of absorbance values from 670 nm to 750 nm, 3. Ultra Violet Absorbance Index (UVAI), which is an arra surrounded by a line and an absorbance curve between 240nm and 300nm and relates particle organic matter. This method is easy, cheap, and quick way to measure, therefore it is suitable for tracing water quality in basin. In this paper water quality in Tone river basin is evaluated by this method and conventional indices between November in 1998 and January in 1999. As a result, the correlation coefficient of Turbidity and TA is r=0.86. Chl.a has a correlation with Al and its correlation coefficient is 0.74. Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) has relation with UVAI and correlation coefficient is 0.84 in Tone River and 0.70 in Edo River. Water quality map in Tone river basin was made using absorbance curve measured by FAM. This map is quite visual and cheap therefore it is useful for water quality management.

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Ultraviolet absorbance of waters Tokyo Bay, Sagami Bay and off-shore waters in the western North Pacific was examined with a 1-cm cell, with reference to distilled water.
Neither maximum nor minimum was found in absorption spectra. Regional variation in absorbance was found and coastal water had higher absorbance than off-shore water. No apparent tendency of change in absorbance was observed with depth. E₂₃₀/E₂₂₀ value of sea water may be useful for indicating the degree of pollution by land drainage. Higher absorbance coincided with the decreases in chlorinity and transparency, and increase in COD, indicating the mixture of land drainage.
During 30 days' storage of sea water, little change in absorbance was observed in surface water, while a little increase was found in deep water.

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This paper presents an application of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) to the determination of arsenic in biological materials.
The AAS method for arsenic determination is principally based on the chemical conversion of arsenic to arsine and the sweeping of arsine evolved into a burner by means of an argon carrier gas. The effects of various factors on the determination were studied and the application of this technique to human urine and hair is discussed.
The following results were obtained :
1) For the determination of arsenic by this method, no serious interference was observed in the presence of 5 μg/ml of Cu, Fe, Sb, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo or Ni, and of 0.01 to 1.0 _M of NaCl and KCl. However, the remarkable interference of nitric acid was observed, while this technique was not interfered by 0.01 to 1.0 _N of perchloric acid and phosphoric acid.
2) The arsenic in urine and hair could easily be determined to the extent of 0.05 μg of arsenic after wet ashing by a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid.
3) The recovery rate of arsenic added to human urine and hair was 92 to 104 percent.
4) The interference by the coexisting substances was not observed.
5) The results obtained by this method were in close agreement with those by the colorimetric method of Ag-diethyldithiocarbamate.

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様々な一般性状を持つ原油中のニッケル,バナジウム,硫黄の分析に,有機溶媒希釈/ICP-AESを適用させた.希釈溶媒には,ケロシン,ジメチルベンゼン,4メチル-2-ペンタノン,そして1,2-ジメチルベンゼンを検討し,1,2-ジメチルベンゼンが最も検出限界が低いことを認めた.迅速性を考慮し,試料を一定油分濃度で調製した結果,金属元素の検量線は0.1～50μgの広範囲で直線性を示した.この手法を用い,極めて報告例の少ない各種国内原油と,海外原油を比重ごとに分類して分析した結果,東柏崎原油など特軽質油中の各元素は検出しなかったが,中質,重質油では秋田石名坂原油など,金属元素で30μg/g,硫黄が2wt%含有していた.一方海外原油では,重質ベネズエラ産出原油で,金属元素で数百μg/g,硫黄が5wt%の含有を認めた.更にそのNi/V比等から,簡単な原油の特性評価を検討し,系統立てた原油試料の産出地域や各坑井の特性の把握に利用できることが分かった.

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In this paper, some problems that occurred during analyses of minor elements in sulfide minerals employing a Jarrell-Ash AA-1 atomic absorption spectrometer are discussed. The results are summarized as follows:(1) In the presence of 1% Fe, 1N-H₂SO₄, 2% pyrrhotite (0.02g Po/ml), 2% pyrite (0.02g Py/ml) or other elements, matrix absorption causes significant errors. To correct this interference, a hydrogen lamp is useful.
(2) Coexisting major elements often have effects on the slope of the working curve of the test element. These errors are corrected by the standard addition method.
(3) There is a general trend that matrix absorption varies as time passes after a solution is prepared.
(4) Many minor elements such as Co, Ca, Ag, Mg, and others, are co-precipitated with ferric hydroxide. Thus, it is necessary that the precipitates are dissolved with reagents (the filtration method is not suitable).

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精子数を算定する場合, 迅速にかつ可及的正確に行なう方法として溷濁度の測定がある。
本試験では, 分光光度計を用いて度を測定する場合の条件と, 精子数と度との関係をめん羊精液について検討した。
1. 度は稀釈精液の試料を攪拌した後, 直ちに (1分以内) 測定した場合, 稀釈後1時間たっても再現性の高い値を得ることができた。
2. 精子数と度が直線関係である範囲は, 精子数が10⁷度が0.5以下の場合であった。
3. 精子数と度間の回帰式は, y= (20.79x-0.41) ×10⁶ (y : 精子数, x : 度) が得られた。相関はP<0.01で有意で, 相関係数はr=0.976であった。
4. 回帰係数20.79の信頼度限界はP<0.01で20.79±0.63であった。

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The demand to measure the concentration of cesium is increasing. This is because such R&D as an adsorbent or a resin for removing radioactive cesium, and a shift of cesium to food is flourishing. The measurement conditions of cesium with atomic absorption spectrometry based on background-correction using Zeeman splitted spectrum has been optimized. In flame atomic absorption method, the addition of potassium nitrate (5000 mg L⁻¹ as potassium) as an ionization inhibitor improved the sensitivity because the ionization of cesium was controlled. The detection limit (3σ) of cesium by this method was 0.04 mg L⁻¹. In electrothermal atomic absorption method, 1000 mg L⁻¹ potassium tungstate as a matrix modifier improved the linearity of the calibration curve and the sensitivity of cesium. The detection limit (3σ) of cesium by this method was 0.18 μg L⁻¹. The proposed method was applied to the determination of cesium in food reference materials. The analytical results were in good agreement with certified values.

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