There are more than 640 subway stations in Japanese cities. These stations make up tunnel networks as seen in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka. In this paper, subway inundation in Osaka is discussed on the basis of numerical result in a case of extreme pluvial flooding. In the previous work, it was found that about 80 percent of intruding flooded water into the mega-underground mall comes down to subway tunnels. In this paper, it is the objective to investigate how the intruding water spreads across the subway network, and how is the leading time for safe evacuation at each stations. From the result, flooded water broadly spreads across in the subway network and the leading time is not enough for safe evacuation from subway stations.

抄録全体を表示

In the previous papers dealt with the space notation by "image map", Kamino pointed out that the space cognition is related to the behavioral meanings of that space. This paper makes it clear that the human behavior is governed by the space congnition of his environment, through the actual survey of pedestrian movement. Results that will be obtained from these studies must be useful to establish the principles of layout planning. For the purpose of this study, pedestrian paths through a uniform environment-set of equivalent plural routes which have the same origin, destination, and architectural situations such as distance and obstacles-are investigated. The cases suitable for these conditions are mainly taken from the station facilities of railway trafic, The survey was made at 17 cases. Results and conclusions are as follows; (1) The pedestrians are not uniformly distributed in all equivalent routes but remarkably concentrated upon a specific route. (The ratio of concentration is 75〜100%). (2) The routes which cause the concentration of pedestrians agree with as follows, a) The staircase that appears in sight at first when the pedestrian goes on from the origin to the destrination. b) The main axis of the space which contains the plural routes that might be selected. c) The macroscopic orientation which is formed by the direction from the origin to the destination. (3) As the fundamental structure of the behavioral environment we would like to present the schema of the mutual complemental relation between the behavior and the space, as mentioned above. (4) It can be considered that "sign function" of staircase, "symbolic function" of the axis of the space, and "total organization" of environment are the psychological conditions should be managed at the layout planning.

抄録全体を表示

　地球温暖化に伴う気候変動の影響から降雨形態(頻度や強度)が変化する可能性が高まっている．また，都市部の大阪では地下街や地下鉄等の地下空間の利用が進展しており，大阪市を中心に地下鉄網が広がっている．本研究では，出版されている書籍に記載されている工事記録や路線縦断図をもとにトンネルの細かな形状を考慮した地下鉄モデルを新たに構築し，内水氾濫解析を行うことで地下鉄モデルの高度化が地下鉄網の浸水状況に与える影響について検討した．得られた結果より，トンネルの凹凸は氾濫水の伝播範囲に影響を与えることが明らかとなった．また，地下鉄モデルの高度化によって，氾濫水の伝播による影響を受ける危険性が高い地下鉄駅を明らかにすることができた．

抄録全体を表示

This investigation was undertaken to clarify the effects of pores on the mechanism of the impact fracture of sintered iron, and also on the absorbed energy. Specimens, 10×10×55 mm, were compacted from electro-lytic iron powder under the pressure of 2-9t/cm² and sintered in hydrogen for 1 hr at 850°C. The bending load-deflection diagrams of U-notched specimens were obtained by an instrumented 30 kg⋅m-Charpy tester and by an Instron type universal testing machine.
Results were summariged as follows.
The necessary time for the impact fracture of sintered iron was too short to obtain the accurate impact load-deflection diagrams as in the case of cast iron. Therefore, the, slow bending diagrams were used for the analysis. The product of the strength and the ductility, both of which were expressed as respective functions of the density, was found to be in proportion to the slow bending energy. This fact was considered to be the reason why the notch effect-of pores on the impact value was stronger than those on the ultimate tensile strength and on the tensile elongation.

抄録全体を表示

Dance therapy has been conventionally employed for patients with psychoses and mentally retarded children. We have applied this therapy to patients with psychosomatic diseases and neuroses for 5 years since 1980,and found it to be effective in the management of various psychosomatic symptoms that were not alleviated by conventional physically-oriented treatment.Special attention was paid to the following points in performing the dance therapy.1) The patients were sufficiently motivated by the physician or the family to participate in the therapy and are actively supported by them. 2) A large unmber of healthy volunteers participated in the dance sessions. 3) Efforts were made to create understanding and sympathetic atmosphere that would encourage conversation between the therapists and the patients, or among the patients. 4) Dancing was performed according to a predetermined style, but extensive movements freely ignoring trivial technical considerations were encouraged. 5) Autogene training was practiced during rest between dance sessions to learn techniques of relaxation.Aerobic exercise, discotheque-type dance and group dancing were employed for the therapy.This therapy had favorble effects within a short time on neck and shoulder stiffness, muscle contractino headache, depression, nervous gastric symptoms, insomnia, autonomic imbalance, refusal to work, erythrophodia, and facial tic, etc. These symptoms were markedly improved in 82 (83.6%) of 98 patients and alleviated in 11 (11.2%). Of 450 healthy individuals who voluntarily participated in the therapy, those examined replied that they became more cheeful, more capable of forming closer human relationships, or more physically active, and noted improvements in their character, social relationships, and attitudes toward daily activities.Physical and psychological effects of dance therapy in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders may be summarized as follows : 1) Maintenance and improvement of physical fitness. 2) Enhancement of brain functions through stimulation of peripheral regions. 3) Release of repressed emotions. 4) Benefits from participation in the group. 5) Psychological stability brought about by escape from familiar environment and routine activities. 6) Effects as art therapy. 7) Benefits from altered state of consciousness, if experienced.

抄録全体を表示

本研究は，大阪市の鉄道駅を対象に，住民の効用と路上自転車の撤去頻度の強化に要する限界費用を試算し，撤去頻度の強化の可能性を示唆した．駐輪者にアンケートを実施し，自治体の収入に影響を与える自転車の受け取り行動，駐輪場所の選択の決定要因を明らかにした．また，歩行者や住民にアンケートを実施し，効用として，撤去頻度の強化に対する負担金の支払意志を調査した．撤去頻度の強化に要する限界費用と効用を比較することで，撤去頻度の強化の可能性を示唆した．その結果，九条駅を除く3駅では，撤去頻度の強化の可能性を見出すことができた．また，買い物目的の路上駐輪への許容意識が高い駐輪者や住民ほど，1)保管料の支払意志額が低く，2)路上駐輪を実施する，3)負担金を支払わない傾向にあることが明らかとなった．

抄録全体を表示