In this paper we discuss the distribution and formal characteristics of mulberry plantations in the middle basin region of the Tone River in the Edo and Meiji periods. During this time, until the ban on silkworm egg card exports was lifted, the cultivation of mulberry in fields was prohibited; despite the common practice of planting mulberry on the rows of raised earth between fields, known as azekuwa, only after the export ban was lifted did it become legal to plant mulberry in fields; subsequently, large mulberry plantations were created. Thereafter, farmers of silkworm egg cards, who had been catching silkworm eggs because of the stoppage on silkworm egg card exports, switched to raising silkworms in order to produce cocoons. Water transportation, which had been a significant livelihood in this region, declined with the opening of railroads (Takasaki Line) and this also increased the number of people changing their occupation to silkworm raising. The number of silkworm cocoons produced also increased, which brought about demand for a further increase in the size of mulberry plantations; not only fields, but also ryūsakuba farms along river banks came to be used as mulberry plantations. This is how high-yield mulberry plantations came to be widely distributed in the region, although it must not be forgotten that this was supported by efforts of the region’s pioneering unaffiliated engineers and researchers to selectively breed mulberry, and their technologies for cultivating with increased yield.

In this paper, the authors examine the characteristics of Tone River mulberry fields in the Sawa District after the introduction of rail transport during the Meiji and Taisho eras. Railways were opened in this area during the Meiji era, facilitating transportation of products and cultivation materials such as fertilizers to wider areas. Moreover, demand for cocoons, raw silk, and Isesaki Meisen-style silk fabrics had increased overseas as well as in Japan. This drove the popularity of sericulture in Japan, and many farmers bought "mulberry leaves" to make up for mulberry leaf shortages and "mulberry seedlings" to expand mulberry gardens. Mulberry plantations for the sale of mulberry leaves, mulberry plantations for the sale of mulberry seedlings, and mulberry plantations for rent began to crop-up among sericulture farmers in greater numbers than during the period before the opening of the railways. As a result, landscapes of mixed mulberry fields and paddy fields using different farming styles spread in areas where the risk of flooding was low and sericulture and silkworm egg farmers also owned paddy fields. In contrast, only flood-resistant mulberry gardens spread in the areas adjacent to the Tone River, where the possibility of flooding was high, resulting in a different type of mulberry landscape.

This study surveyed the location characteristics of silkworm egg-producing farms hamlets and mulberry plantations along the middle reaches of Tone River, in Isesaki City of Gunma Prefecture and Fukaya and Honjo City of Saitama Prefecture. The region encompasses the constituent elements for the certification as World Heritage and understanding its surrounding landscape enhances its value. The study was conducted by interpreting old maps surveyed by the Land Survey Department of the Imperial Army (jinsoku-sokuzu) on mid-Meiji Period, surveying documents and studying in the field. The results show that factors behind the formation of silkworm egg-producing farms along rivers include good drainage conditions and suitability for mulberry cultivation to feed silkworms. Moreover, the development of water transportation of Tone River had a strong influence on the location. During the Meiji Period, mulberry plantations spread along and across Tone River, contributing to the high-volume production of silkworm egg-producing industry. The land formerly covered by mulberry plantations is now occupied by industrial parks and dry fields, where the region’s famous green onions are grown.

背景：地方自治体とヘルスケア企業との公民連携による健康寿命延伸産業創生および課題解決型保健事業の取り組みが散見されるようになった．

目的：公民連携による健康づくり事業としての非対面型減量プログラム「さかいまちメタボ脱出プロジェクト」（茨城県

方法：茨城県猿島郡

結果：87 名（男性42 名，女性45 名，平均年齢47.2 歳）がプロジェクトを完了した．12 週間のプログラム前後の変化（mean ± SE）は，BMI（kg/m ² ）が29.0 ± 0.3 から27.1 ± 0.4 へ，体重（kg）が77.0 ± 1.3 から71.4 ± 1.3 へ，腹囲（cm）が96.1 ± 0.9 から89.1 ± 0.9 へ，それぞれ有意に減少した（p＜0.01）．なお，参加者全員の減量の総計は，12 週間で337.8kg に達した．さらに，52 名が腹部ＣＴ撮影による内臓脂肪面積の評価を受け，介入前の145.62 ± 7.62 cm ² から，介入後に119.65 ± 8.04 cm ² へ有意な減少を認めた（p＜0.01）．

考察：肥満の改善という行政課題に対する取り組みとして，公民連携による健康づくりとして，非対面型減量プログラムを実施し，一定の有効性が認められた．今後，ファンクショナルフード素材を扱うヘルスケア企業の可能性として，公民連携に基づく健康寿命延伸産業創生および課題解決型保健事業の取り組みを継続する．

This study examined the decline of mulberry orchards and subsequent land use in the Tonegawa area of Isesaki City. From the Meiji to the Taisho eras, this area was a land of thriving silkworm breeding and raising. However, the silk industry declined, leading to the disappearance of vast mulberry orchards. We divided the age of the silk industry of this area into five periods based on the social background of apparent changes in a mulberry field, and conducted a literature review and map comparison of mulberry orchard site use for each era.

Five social factors affected land uses - the opening of railways in the Meiji period, river improvement in the Taisho period, an increase in rice paddies due to wartime increased food production, factory construction encouraged by urban planning during the high economic growth period, and the development of residential areas. The results showed that the mulberry orchard sites mainly became farmland, construction sites for factories and houses. Four industrial parks were built on urbanization zones, attracting factories and leading to an increase of residential areas. Conversely, most of the mulberry orchard designated as an urbanization control area is being used as farmland, posing the problem of future farmland use as farmers age.

背 景：地方自治体とヘルスケア企業との公民連携による健康づくりのための取り組みが行われるようになった。

目 的：ヘルスケア企業であるDHCと地方自治体との産官民協働による課題解決型保健事業としての、①肥満・メタボリック症候群に対する減量プログラム、②妊娠・出産・産後のアウトカム改善のための葉酸啓発プロジェクトの推進。

方 法：①成人肥満者を対象に、非対面型減量プログラムを構築し、フォーミュラ食（置き換え食）の利用を通じた肥満改善施策を、茨城県

結 果：①87名がプロジェクトを完了した。12週間のプログラムにより、BMIおよび体重が有意に減少した（p＜0.01）。さらに、52名が腹部CT撮影による内臓脂肪面積の評価を受け、介入後に有意な減少を認めた（p＜0.01）。②調査の結果、妊娠中の葉酸サプリメントの利用率は28.3％であった。そこで健康課では、2018年10月、「ひらつかはぐくみ葉酸プロジェクト」を開始した。現在、プレコンセプションケアとしてプロジェクトが推進されている。

考 察：肥満および母子保健での栄養啓発という行政課題があり、それらに対する課題解決型保健事業を実施し、それぞれの取り組みにおいて、一定の有用性が確認できた。今後、健康長寿社会の実現に向けて、産官民協働による課題解決型保健事業の取り組みを継続する。

　苦境に立つ地域公共交通における切り札として注目を集める自動運転。未来のテクノロジーと捉える人も多いが、既に目に見える形で実用化が行われている事例が存在する。国内初の実用化の舞台となった茨城県