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  • 駈込訴の処理手続を中心に
    山本 英貴
    法制史研究
    2006年 2006 巻 56 号 65-86,en6
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2012/07/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    小稿は、江戸幕府
    大目付
    の天明・寛政期(一七八一~一八○○)における駈込訴の処理手続を検討し、その職務の一斑を解明しようとするものである。
    松平太郎氏により着手された
    大目付
    の研究は、その後も様々な視角より分析が深められている。しかし、従来の研究状況を鑑みれば、諸先学の眼目は、幕府の裁判制度や
    大目付
    が加役として兼任した諸「掛」の解明にあり、同職自体の基礎研究は未だ不十分といえよう。したがって、
    大目付
    の研究は現在、二つの課題を内包していると考えられる。一は、伝存過程の明らかな一次史料により、
    大目付
    の組織・構造を把握すること。二は、上記にもとついて、その具体的な職務を明らかにすることである。小稿の試みは、二に該当する。
    なお、小稿において取り上げる駈込訴は、駕籠訴・駈込訴・捨訴など、越訴を個別に検討した小早川欣吾氏、あるいは駕籠訴・駈込訴、いわゆる非合法訴訟に焦点を当て、幕府や諸藩の訴訟制度、およびその機能について解明を試みた大平祐一氏により分析が深められている。とりわけ大平氏は、老中・三奉行(寺社・町・勘定)による駕籠訴・駈込訴の取り扱いを検討し、(1)幕府は基本的に非合法訴訟を受理しないが、黙視し得ぬ内容であれば、取り上げ、審理を開始した。(2)それゆえ、非合法訴訟に対しても、受理・不受理を判断するための取り調べを行っていたと指摘する。
    さらに、大平氏の論考によれば、駈込訴は老中・三奉行のみならず、若年寄や
    大目付
    などに対しても行われた。したがって、非合法訴訟に対する幕府の方針を明らかにしようとする場合、上記の諸職が、老中・三奉行と類似の方法で駈込訴を処理したのか、あるいは異なる方法で対応したのか、分析を試みる必要がある。そして、異なる処理を行っているならば、その実態を解明し、老中・三奉行による駈込訴の取り扱いと比較・検討して総括的に位置づけなければならない。以上の分析にあたり、三奉行とともに老中より箱訴状の審査を任された
    大目付
    は格好の研究対象と考えられるのである。そこで小稿では、内閣文庫架蔵「久松日記」を中心に、如上の関心事を解明する。
  • 山岡 健
    法政論叢
    2005年 42 巻 1 号 42-51
    発行日: 2005/11/15
    公開日: 2017/11/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    I conducted the fieldwork on "The youngster set" of Kagawa Pref., Shoudo District, Tonosho Town Oe (Shoudo Island). "The youngster set" is found in the characteristics of an original system that is derived from the traditional culture. In other words, it is severely controlled by the principle of "the seniority system". The youngsters organize a group based on the age since the old days, they have encouraged to make a look alike, and led a life of the cultivation. The function of the youth group which is called "the youngster set" is as follows: (1) The youngster set is the central bearer of the festival event of a village. (2) The youngster set is the society organs of education that bring up youngsters to a grown-up villager. (3) The youngster set is the organization that defends the public peace of the village. (4) The youngster set is the organization that applies social punishments. (5) The youngster set unites strongly. Then, it is controlled by the army like strict order. "The child set" and "the daughter set" which existed long time ago or an "age class organization" like "the youngster set" almost becomes extinct in the community at the present time. At present, the youngsters are the opportunities to have experience of "Tate society". Needless to say, it is necessary for the youngsters to recognize "Tate society" properly and to have an experience of it, too.
  • 山本 英貴
    史学雑誌
    2008年 117 巻 4 号 539-560
    発行日: 2008/04/20
    公開日: 2017/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This article attempts to clarify the process of writing and copying the diary of the Tokugawa Shogunate through an analysis of the Keeper of the Diary (Nikki-gakari 日記掛) and comes to the following conclusions. To begin with, the office of Diary Keeper was created sometime between 1737 and 1746, consisting of one supervisor and two assistants. The Keeper was to direct the various Bakufu offices to submit to him reports of their activities and then hand them to the Diary Secretariat (Nikki-Kata Omote-Yuhitsu 日記方表右筆) for entry into the Bakufu diary. This secretariat was looked after by one supervisor and one assistant rotating on a monthly basis, and the system which lasted until at least 1822. Secondly, since no copies of the Bakufu dairy existed at the time the Keeper was set up, the office issued a report in 1791 describing the reproduction of the diary and how much of it had been preserved or lost. Consequently a project was launched to copy the extant parts of the diary, with talented scribes from outside the office specially assigned to copy the content recorded between 1631 and 1790. From that time on, the Keeper and Diary Secretariat cooperated in making the copies, thus marking a significant change in how the Bakufu dairy was recorded. Another copying project was conducted during the Koka 弘化 Era (1844-47) when the Ohikaecho 御扣帳 copy of the dairy was completed.
  • 幸田 正孝
    豊田工業高等専門学校研究紀要
    2002年 35 巻 111-226
    発行日: 2002/11/25
    公開日: 2017/04/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 江戸時代法源史の一斑
    林 由紀子
    法制史研究
    1967年 1967 巻 17 号 75-129,ii
    発行日: 1967/10/20
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this article "Bukki-sho" (a book on mourning) is a commentary or the collections of practical cases of the Bukki-ryô (_??__??__??_ the regulation of mourning). Bukki-ryô is a law that regulates how long a man must go into mourning when his relative such as his parent, grandparent, or first cousin dies. The Tokugawa Shogunate, that enacted the Bukki-ryô and put it in force, ordered that the questions on Bukki-ryô should be addressed to the Bukki-gakaris (_??__??__??_ the officials in charge of mouning) in Ometsuke (_??__??__??_Great Inspectors) and Metsuke (_??__??_ Inspectors) of the Shogunate. After that, many private compilations which collected those questions and answers were edited, and thus we can now find a lot of Bukki-shos.
    These Bukki-shos were one of the most important sources of law in the Edo era ; nevertheless, they have only remained the materials for the study of family law and they have not been regarded as an independent subject of study. The chief points of this essay are how the Bukki-shos in the Edo era were compiled, how many classes and genealogies they were assorted into, how they were circulated, and how questions and answers on the Bukki-ryô, which were the core of the Bukki-shos, were asked and given.
    Most of the existing Bukki-shos are manuscpripts and derivatives of the "Bukki-ryô senchû" _??__??__??__??__??_ or the "Bukki-ryô-shôkai" _??__??__??__??__??_ Accordingly we can regard these two genealogies as two main currents of the Bukki-shos. While the Bukki-ryô-shô-kai was compiled by Kagemichi Toyama _??__??__??__??_, the Bukki-gakari Metsuke (_??__??__??__??__??_ Inspector in charge of mourning), who was in a position to answer the questions on the mourning, edited for the convenience of performance of his official duty, the Bukki-ry ô-senchû was compiled by Shoemon Nagayama _??__??__??__??__??__??_, the Rusui (_??__??__??_ Deputy during Absence) of the Yamagata clan _??__??__??_, who was in a position to ask questions on the mourning on behalf of his clan, in 1781. And this was the oldest of the real Bukki-shos that were not only the collection of questions and answers but also commentaries. It came to circulate through a lot of clans, and many derivatives of it were made up. Sesaemon Katô, the Rusui of the Oshi clan _??__??_, edited the "Bukki-ryô-senchûbunshaku" _??__??__??__??__??__??__??_, in which he revised and enlarged the Bukki-ryô-senchû completely, in cooperation with Dan-emon Yagi _??__??__??__??__??__??_, the Rusui of the Takasaki clan _??__??__??_, and the book also became popular.
    It may be said to be a most interesting fact that the real Bukki-sho was made by the clan earlier than by the Shogunate and was developed. And the fact that the Rusuis of clans made, improved and circulated these Bukki-syos show that Rusuis played an important role in making the law of the Shogunate permeate in clans.
  • 木村 直樹
    史学雑誌
    2000年 109 巻 2 号 213-235,322-32
    発行日: 2000/02/20
    公開日: 2017/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the 1970's the concept of bui (武威 martial splendor/military might) has been discussed as one of the characteristics of Japan's foreign relations during the early modern period. In this essay, the author makes use of the results of this discussion and concentrates on the period between Kan'ei 15 (寛永 1638) and Manji 1 (万治 1658), or the latter part of the reign of Tokugawa Iemitsu and the first years of the reign of his son Tokugawa Ietsuna. He looks at Bakufu policy on foreign shipping, what this policy was meant to achieve, how it was structured, how the different domains (han 藩) charged with the surveillance of the coast of Japan put this policy into practice, and how this was done in Nagasaki under the direct supervision of the Bakufu. The results of his analysis are the following. Although the Bakufu during the latter part of Iemitsu's reign made sure everyone, both inside and outside Japan, know its uncompromising stance on Portuguese shipping to Japan, it left its final decision open on whether or not to allow foreign ships to come to Japan until such ships actually arrived. On the other hand, the domains along the coastline of japan competed with each other in setting up an early warning system able to spot foreign shipping as soon as it approached Japan. Against this background, the Bakufu was required to make a decision on each individual case of foreign ships coming to Japan or planning to come to Japan, and so resolve the different problems arising from the arrival of Dutch and other ships. Because the shogun was too young to make his own decisions during the first years of Iemitsu's reign, there was nothing that the Bakufu officials could do but continue the policy put in place during Iemitsu's reign. In this way, Japan's foreign policy lost its fluidity, and it gradually became clear that the matter had been settled. The issues to be settled in the Bakufu's policy on foreign shipping were 1) the management and control of Dutch trading factory ; 2) the manner in which negotiations with foreign ships were to be conducted at Nagasaki ; 3) hostilities between Portuguese ships and coast guards looking out for missionaries coming ashore ; and 4) the arrest of those missionaries who tried to come ashore surreptitiously. In response to these issues the structure of the Bakufu had to be changed, and from Kan'ei 18 (1641) onwards, the ometsuke (
    大目付
    ) Inoue Masashige was given the post of Nagasaki Shioki (長崎仕置 discipinarian). During the first years of Iemitsu's reign Inoue's position as Nagasaki Shioki became less important within the structure of the Bakufu, and it was the Nagasaki-bugyo (長崎奉行) and the roju (老中) who became the prominent links in the chain of command.
  • 藤田 覚
    法制史研究
    2016年 65 巻 200-204
    発行日: 2016/03/30
    公開日: 2022/03/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山本 英貴
    史学雑誌
    2012年 121 巻 9 号 1574-1596
    発行日: 2012/09/20
    公開日: 2017/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between the Tokugawa Bakufu and Japan's feudal domains from the time of the Kansei Era reforms, which began in 1787, through the Kyowa Era, ending in 1804, by portraying a comprehensive picture of the scandal of 1801 involving feudal domain representatives stationed in Edo (rusui 留守居) and their concurrent punishment. The author begins by analyzing the Bakufu deliberations regarding how the rusui were to be punished, questioning of the suspects by Bakufu superintendent Inoue Moritoshi and Moritoshi's recommendations to top feudal domain officers concerning punishment, in order to understand the incident from beginning to end. Of the 59 top domain officers ordered to punish their rusui, 30 were feudal lords (daimyo 大名) who were in attendance before the Shogun in the Teikan Hall at Edo Castle, meaning that they had been allies (fudai 譜代) of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Next, the author turns to the developments within the feudal establishment after the incident and the problems facing the related research to date, which has been retarded due to historiographical reasons. In particular, the author points to the spontaneity with which the Teikan Hall daimyo chose to discipline their rusui, showing that there were those among them who were not marked for punishment, a fact which demonstrates the great impact which the scandal exerted on the feudal domains. Finally, the author examines reasons why the rusui under provincial scale (kunimochi 国持) daimyo and the Tokugawa Ieyasu family domains (gosanke 御三家) were not punished. He shows that punishing the kunimochi rusui would have dealt a serious blow to the Shogunates's prestige and authority, while punishing the gosanke rusui would have provided the pretense for the elders (tukekaro 付家老) of those domains, many of whom were descendants of fudai daimyo vassals, to elevate themselves to the level of "daimyo." The author concludes that while the Bakufu during the Kyowa Era exhibited a high degree of severity in dealing with the rusui scandal, it was also forced to give careful consideration to all of the affair's possible ramifications and nuances. Moreover, such thoroughness was a characteristic feature of Bakufu operations during that time and an important factor in its relationship with the country's feudal domains.
  • 川村 博忠
    地図
    2010年 48 巻 3 号 1-9
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2012/02/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    従来、いわゆる「慶長日本図」と称されてきた国立国会図書館所蔵日本総図の慶長期成立は誤認であって、正しくは島原の乱直後の寛永15年(1638)に作成された日本総図の写であるという筆者の見解は現在では大方の認知を得たようである。幕府
    大目付
    の井上筑後守(政重)は寛永15年に日本総図の作成を理由に中国筋諸国に国絵図の提出を要請したことが明らかになっていた。しかし著者は日本総図を編集するのにどうして中国地方の国絵図のみでこと足りたのかが理解できなかった。ところがこの度新しく発見された南葵文庫所蔵の『日本全国図』によってその疑問が解消された。この『日本全国図』は寛永15年日本図の下図とみなされるが、この図では中国筋諸国に限って渡河方法の注記が著しく欠如している。幕府が島原の乱後に軍事的理由で作成した寛永15年日本図(国会図書館蔵日本総図)は街道筋の渡渉地点で舟渡りか歩渡りかといった渡河方法を注記するのが内容上の目立った特徴である。幕府は寛永15年日本図の編集に際して中国地方での渡河方法の情報を補う必要から中国筋諸国に限って国絵図の調進を要請したのである。
  • 医業者統制・種痘掛り・出張種痘
    柳沢 芙美子
    福井県文書館研究紀要
    2021年 18 巻 63-76
    発行日: 2021/03/25
    公開日: 2024/04/19
    研究報告書・技術報告書 フリー
  • 川村 博忠
    地図
    2008年 46 巻 4 号 11-26
    発行日: 2008/12/31
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 小倉 宗
    史学雑誌
    2008年 117 巻 11 号 1915-1949
    発行日: 2008/11/20
    公開日: 2017/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    In late premodern Japan, the region consisting of eight provinces surrounding the capital of Kyoto, known as Kamigata 上方, was as strategically important to the Tokugawa Bakufu as the Kanto region around Edo. Therefore, clarifying how Kamigata was governed is an important element in understanding the overall Bakufu governance mechanism. The present article focuses on the interrelationships among bureaucrats and the process by which legal directives were disseminated and implemented, in order to better understand the Bakufu's governance of the Kamigata region. The author findings may be summarized as follows. 1. The Bakufu-appointed governors of Kyoto (shoshidai 所司代) and Osaka (Osakajodai 大坂城代) supervised the region in a parallel system under which the former oversaw the Bakufu functionaries (bugyo 奉行) governing of the four eastern Kamigata provinces covering Kyoto proper, Fushimi and Nara, while the latter oversaw the Bakufu functionaries stationed in the four western Kamigata provinces at Osaka proper and Sakai. 2. The two governors acted as 1) intermediaries both transmitting legal directives issued from senior Bakufu officials (roju 老中) in Edo to their Kamigata functionaries and handling correspondence addressed by the Kamigata functionaries to fellow bureaucrats in Edo, and 2) the final decision-makers regarding any ordinances proposed or enacted by the Kamigata functionaries. 3. The Kamigata functionaries found themselves in a dual structure in terms of subodination: responsible to the senior Bakufu officials in terms of social status, while subservient to the two Kamigata governors in terms of administrative duties. Such a dual structure was a key point in the total Bakufu governance scheme, but in the case of the Kamigata functionaries, their superiors were separate entities, with administrative subordination playing the dominant role in their careers.
  • 石井 良助
    帝國學士院紀事
    1942年 1 巻 3 号 457-484
    発行日: 1942年
    公開日: 2007/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 宮内 [サトシ]
    デザイン学研究
    1992年 1992 巻 93 号 114-
    発行日: 1992年
    公開日: 2017/07/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 吉田 正志
    法制史研究
    1977年 1977 巻 27 号 276-278
    発行日: 1978/03/30
    公開日: 2009/11/16
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 熊谷 光子
    史学雑誌
    2008年 117 巻 5 号 770-772
    発行日: 2008/05/20
    公開日: 2017/12/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 岩生 成一
    日本學士院紀要
    1968年 26 巻 3 号 157-173
    発行日: 1968年
    公開日: 2007/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 森本 邦生
    武道学研究
    2020年 53 巻 Supplement 号 S_21
    発行日: 2020/09/07
    公開日: 2024/01/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 海野氏の見解に応えて
    川村 博忠
    地図
    2000年 38 巻 4 号 42-48
    発行日: 2000/12/30
    公開日: 2011/07/19
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 林 信太郎
    火山
    1998年 43 巻 4 号 207-212
    発行日: 1998/08/31
    公開日: 2017/03/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    Kampu volcano is a small stratovolcano situated at the central part of Oga Peninsula, Akita Prefecture. In 1810, an earthquake as large as M 6.5 occurred near this volcano. Yoshimasa Satake, the lord of the Akita clan, wrote two official reports to the Tokugawa shogunate. They included eruption records of Kampu volcano: “Yamayake” and “Yamayakekuzure”. These words were usually used for the eruption during Edo period and mean that the mountain was firing. Several reliable documents, which was written at Oga Peninsula included no eruption record. In addition, there is no eruption record in the note of Yoshimasa Satake, which is thought to have used for making the two official reports. It is concluded that the eruption descriptions of 1810 Kampu is false and created by Yoshimasa Satake at Akita clan office at Edo (Tokyo). The false eruption might have been created to make the exaggerated damage report of earthquake.
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