大阪平野の沖積層（難波累層）中部に特徴的に発達する砂州堆積物について，地盤情報データベースによる解析とこれまでに報告されている ¹⁴Ｃ年代値や火山灰層などのデータから，その分布と層位を明らかにした．それによれば，砂州堆積物は，6000年前から5000年前の最高海面期にはすでに堆積しており，約8000年前以降の海進期に形成されたものである．砂州堆積物は砂礫からなる“砂嘴堆積物”である．それは，分布が細長いこと，前進堆積体であること，離水していたと考えられること，海面上昇に伴い陸側斜め上方に発達していること，波浪堆積構造が認められることからわかる．また，砂州に堆積物を供給した波食台あるいは波食棚と海食崖と考えられる古地形が，上町台地の西縁に認められることも，それを支持している．
砂州の発達は8000年前から7000年前のある時期の海面の急上昇というイベントを挟んで，2段階で行われた．最高海面期の砂嘴は，から長柄を経て淡路に至る地域に，幅100 m以下，長さ7～8 kmで発達していた．砂州は，その後の高海面期に沖側に前進する砂浜海岸や砂礫浜海岸へと変化してその幅を増していった．

抄録全体を表示

The flood alleviation scheme consists of one diversion channel, four retarding basins and one dam. The measures proposed make it possible to achieve flood alleviation whilst minimising changes of the Kakehashi river, and impacts on historical environments and cultural properties. It is revealed that the preservation of Komatsu-Temmangu shrine at the current state and location is essential, for (1) it is impossible to move the ecosystem of fauna and flora, being in harmony with the precinct buildings and spectacular sight of the shrine, without losing their qualities significantly, (2) the removal of the shrine immediately results in lose of all the personal interactions with it since the foundation in 1657, and (3) the shrine is located at an immobility point. That is, on the basis of an ancient philosophy (i.e. Inyo-Gogyo principle) that lay deep in popular mind at that time, position of the shrine was set at the water edge of the Kakehashi river, and was chosen at the distance of 600m and in the northeast of Komatsu-castle.

抄録全体を表示

A historical study on interaction between the water flowing in the Kakehashi river and the Komatsu-tenmangu shrine has been made. The Komatsu-tenmangu shrine was founded by the third dynast of Kaga-clan, Toshitsune Maeda in 1657 and was designated as a national important cultural property in 1961. This shrine is located at the water edge of the Kakehashi river. Recently, it has become clear that the location of the Komatsu-tenmangu shrine was determined on the basis of principles of the positive and negative, and the five natural elements, which originate in China. It is found that the ideal interaction between the water flowing in the Kakehashi river and the Komatsu-tenmangu shrine was hampered to some extent by the embankment works in 1936, but is still maintained. After a series of riparian works of the Kakehashi river in 1943, the Komatsu-tenmangu shrine never suffers from any flood due to the break on the embankment of the Kakehashi river, but experiences several floods of the tributary rivers, agricultural channels or drainage canals. An effective measure to improve the present state of interaction between the water flowing in the Kakehashi river and the Komatsu-tenmangu shrine has been introduced and discussed.

抄録全体を表示

The Temmabayashi mine is the only mine which is now worked underground, and producing monthlyabout 20, 000 tons of crude ores.
The Sokota Formation of the uppermost Pliocene age, which encloses the iron sand placers, lies on the Pliocene formations with a slight paraunconformity, and is covered unconformably by the Pleistocene sedimentary group.
As a result of sedimentological studies of the area, especially of underground observations and analyses of arill cores, the following features have been recognized.
1. The Sokota Formation consists of loose sandstone, conglomerate and fine-grained tuff of littoralfacies, and interfingers with the Shimizume Formation of shallow marine facies.
2. Besides unimportant placers in the underlying formation, the producing iron sand placers occurin three groups of ore beds, i. e., Tsurukodaira, Sokota and Jimba groups.
3. The Sokota group contains 13 ore beds which are arranged from SW to NE, successively imbrisating each others.
4. The largest ore bed develops as long as 900m. in strike side, and has a width of 400 m. in dipside.
5. Component minerals of the ores are magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, maghemite, limonite, pyrrhotite, etc., and gangiue minerals are quartz, feldspars, hypersthene, hornblende, apatite, etc., each being separate or locked complicatedly.
6. The total iron content of crude ores ranges from 22 to 55 percent, and that of magnetic concentraces is 51 to 60 percent.
7. According to facies changes of the overlying and underlying ormations, cyclic sedimentation of ironsand placers, and relations of ore beds to the enclosing formation, it may be concluded that the oredeposits were formed in a shallow lagoonal environment with clos erelations to wave motion, undercurrentflow and changing rate of subsidence.

抄録全体を表示

The Shinto Shrine main buildings with the "Kado" exsist in Oita and Miyazaki Prefecture at the early modern ages. "Kado" is the side of about 1.2m face and 1m side gable roof style and more beautiful than the main building. It is considered to relate to the Kitano-Tenmangu Shinto Shrine main building in Kyoto. It was used to stock flower plates and bottles, aka tub of water, a desk and a plate for flowers etc.. This thesis indicated that these goods are used to "Geango" (confinning in the worship hall in summer season around 100 days) as "Akadana" and the symbol of the prime noumenon.

抄録全体を表示

The current water's edge environment of the Kakehashi river in Komatsu has been critically reviewed on the basis of the literature survey and field study.
It is realized that the water's edge environment is far superior to that of rivers flowing through the big cities such as Tokyo and Osaka in Japan, and is still keeping an excellent ecological system consisting of animals, plants as well as human beings. There are many forests and buried cultural properties around the river.Each of the forests normally belongs to the shrine that has been the centre of the people's belief and life, whereas the distribution of the buried cultural properties reflect the sphere of their activity since the 2nd century or more ancient time.
It is strongly recommended to preserve the water's edge environment of the Kakehashi river including a valuable shrine Komatsu-temmaangu, the forests and the buried cultural properties for the further development of the characteristic culture in Komatsu, where Komatsu-temmangu was founded by the third dynast of Kaga-han, Toshitsune Maeda in 1657 and was designated as a national important cultural property in 1961. Hence, any countermeasure for the flood contradicting to these propositions must be modified so as to meet them or the alternative countermeasure must be newly considered.

抄録全体を表示

Based on the experiences of 15 restoration projects in Denmark and Britain, a tentative plan how an artificially straightened lower reach of the Kakehashi-rivermust be restored by the so-called ‘near-nature river construction method’, has beenproposed. At present, owing to the straightening of the lower reach, the bed is erodedin the upstream, while it is deposited in the downstream. Because the reach isvery close to the sea, the deposition of the sediment together with the drift sand dueto the waves blocks up the river mouth. Route of the restoring sinuous channel is chosen so as to follow the original one as far as it is possible. Materials and substrataon the bed and banks are, there fore, recovered naturally. The vegetation willbe restored by planting grasses, trees or seeds, which are surviving at the neighbouring reaches. The morphological charactristics, to be restored, include the crosssectional shapes, sinuosity, pool and riffles, and point bars. Each of the out sidebanks will be protected with rip-rap work, and the cross-sectional dimensions will bechosen in such a way that the new channel could flow the expected high-water discharge safely. All of these working processes make the new channel stable. It is suggested that the proposed restoration project solve the blocking-up problem of the Kakehashi riverat the mouth as well as the inner-water drainage problem at the lower reach.

抄録全体を表示

The results of environmental assessment on preservation of the Komatsu Tenmanguu Shrine and conservation of the Kakehashi River were reported. The historical and cultural impotance of the shrine which was designated as a national important cultural asset was described. The shrine was also evaluated its importance in the urban planning of Komatsu City. The results of questionare survey to Komatsu citizen on preservation of the shrine and conservation of the river showed that they hoped the both preservation and conservation works were necessary without creating contradiction between them. In conclusion, it was recommended that the city had to make her own urban planning of long range development which includes both the river conservation and the shrine presevation programs.

抄録全体を表示