明治期の上方歌舞伎は従来、同時期の東京の歌舞伎に比べて革新性に乏しいものであるとされ、顧みられることが少なかった。しかしながら、詳細に検討していくと、そこではいくつもの興味深い変化が生じているのである。

本論考では、特に明治十年代末までの大阪における変革の諸例を取り上げ、その多くが「東京風」を志向したものであることを示す。さらに、この時期の劇界の変化は、東京が京阪に一方的に影響を与えるというものではなく、相互に影響関係を持つものであることを明らかにし、明治期上方歌舞伎の演劇史的位置付けの再考を促す。

抄録全体を表示

国学者伴林光平(文化一〇年生-文久四年歿)は、もとは周永の名を持つ浄土真宗の僧侶であった。光平は、その生涯において二度の還俗を行ったが、その還俗に至る思想的転換の過程をその著作からたどることができる。『難解機能重荷』(安政五年)では、仏教に対してキリスト教の布教およびその背後にある欧米列強の侵掠に対する防壁の役割を期待していた。これは当時一般的な護法論の主張の範囲内である。しかし、『園の池水』(安政六年)を経て、第二回目の還俗後の著作である『於母比伝草』(文久二年)になると、仏教の社会的な役割としてのキリスト教に対する防壁の役割はそのままでも、社会的に存在し得る条件は著しく制限され、国体を毀損しない限りにおいて神道の下位に位置づけられる存在とされるようになった。これは仏教を日本社会にとって有用か無用かという規準から、機能論的にとらえたものであり、その後の近代宗教史を予見させる点において注目すべき思想である。

抄録全体を表示

Today, the functional consideration of regions as a field in historical geography has given rise to the concept of the historical region or historical territory. And one of its fruits is that the subject on the interrelationship between the substantive region and formal region has been developing. For instance, the studies of the Kinsei-Go (_??__??__??_) can be regarded as an example of the results. Furthermore, most of these studies have already reckoned the Hanryos (_??__??_) as a framework of the research. However, there seems to be little study of the fieves which were under the directed control of the Shogunate, or generally called as Tenryos (_??__??_).
Therefore, I think that Tenryos should be discussed from the standpoint of the historical research. On that occasion, we are able to point out the existence of the Kumiaimura (_??__??__??_), that is the intermediate territory, in the Tenryos.
In order to explain the interrelationship between the substantive region and formal region, this paper deals with the intermediate territory Kumiaimura in the Kaikoku Tenryos in the late Edo era. To study the subject, the auther, first of all, investigated the distribution and size of Kumiaimura that is regarded as the local political territory of Tenryos and also the political regionalization of Kumiaimura that is considered as political trend of the Shogunate. Secondly, as the paper analyses the function of the Gunchusodai (_??__??__??__??_), also clarifies the historical foundation of what the formation of Kumiaimura has been based on and accepted.
The main results of the paper are summarized as follows:
(1) The Kaikoku is situated at the fief of the Shogunate, in a sense, it is assigned to the Tokugawa-Ichimons (_??__??__??__??_) or Hudai-daimyos (_??__??__??__??_) etc., from the early Edo era. Moreover, these Tenryos were generally of very large size and differed from the fieves of the Kanto districts or Kinki districts, and it frequently happened that a village was rulled over by more than two rulers.
(2) Judging from the distribution and size of Kumiaimura, the Suji (_??_), the historical territory in the early Edo era, lost the political significance, nevertheless, it was becoming the substantive region more and more.
And that the Suji seemed to have served as the standard in the organizing process of the self-governed Torishimari-Kumiaimura (_??__??__??__??__??_). However, in the late Edo era, especially during the period of the Bunka, the self-governed Kumiaimura was divided and local political territories Kumiaimura were then formed.
(3) It appeared that the Kumiaimura which had achieved a position of the intermediate territory in the Tenryos, strengthened its political function in keeping pace with the collapse of the Shogunate. And it is shown in the division of self-governed Kumiaimura as stated above.
(4) Judging from the Gunchu-sodai's function, it turned out that Kumiaimura in the Kuninaka had accepted the villages in allied structure for collecting rice as annual land tax and carrying it to the Edo. On the other hand, in the Gunnai that missed this opportunity, the self-governed Torishimari-Kumiaimura or Sukego-Kumiaimura (_??__??__??__??__??_) have been the historical foundation.
(5) Moreover, the sphere of Kumiaimura in the Gunnai and in the north-west Kofu basin that is established at the end of the Tokugawa regime, were later developing into the Kusei (_??__??_) of the early years of the Meiji.

抄録全体を表示