The film structure and optical characteristics of Al, Cr or Co-doped silicon nitride films were studied. As the relationships between producing processes and the refractive index were studied, the refractive index was larger as the substitution ratio of metal element was higher and the nitrogen mixing ratio in the sputtering gas was lower. The magneto-optical disk characteristics were measured. On the disks using the Cr or Al-doped SiN_x films, the C⁄N was 1∼2 dB lower than that on the disk using the SiN_x film. On the disk using the Co-doped SiN_x film, the C⁄N was 9 dB lower than that on the disk using the SiN_x film. These results may be explained by the light absorption of the Co-doped SiN_x film. The bonding state of each element in the Al, Cr or Co-doped SiN_x film whose refractive index was 2.0∼2.1 was analysed by the ESCA method. The bonding state of Si in the SiN_x film was present as a mixture of 2∼3 states. The bonding state of Si in the (Si, Co)-N film was shifted to the lower bonding energy state and the higher bonding energy state. The bonding state of N in the (Si, Al)-N film showed the oxinitride peak. Cr and Al were in the nitride state, but Co existed as a mixture of nitride and metal. The section structures of these films were obtained by TEM. The SiN_x films and the Cr, Al or Co-doped SiN_x films were all amorphous. On the Cr-doped SiN_x film, a nearprismatic structure was observed, and on the Co-doped SiN_x film, corpuscles of 2∼5 nm diameter were observed. The inner streses of the SiN_x film and the (Si, X)-N (X=Cr, Al, Co) films produced by the reactive sputtering method were stress free.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the positional and locomotive characteristics of kendo matches by inter-high school, university student, Japanese National Kendo Championship and high ranking (eighth-dan) kendo athletes. This study was conducted with specific emphasis on inter-high school athletic competition participants. Using the DLT method, traces of locomotive movement were recorded. These records allowed analysis of the spatial distance between two competitors (i. e. ma-ai) during their matches. Distribution curves revealed two main types of ma-ai. One of them was the distance when two athletes are in a sword-guard tangle (i. e, tsuba-zeriai). The other was the distance which enables an athlete to strike the opponent by taking one step forward and then to evade the opponent's strike by taking one step backward (i. e, issoku-itto-no-ma-ai). It was also possible to determine exact locomotor movement of offensive competitors when scoring an effective hit (yuko-datotsu).
Results were as follows:
1. High school kendo athletes tended to use the central part (zone A) of the match area rather than the corners or sides. The percentage of time staying in the central part was 72.5% for males and 73.3% for females. Yuko-datotsu tended to be performed in the central part of the strike area, with almost 70.0% occurring in zone A.
2. Total time for tuba-zeriai-no-ma-ai in high school kendo athletes was longer than that for issoku-itto-no-ma-ai. The percentage of tuba-zeriai-no-ma-ai for all kendo athletes was 62.4%for males and 69.2% for females. The percentage of tuba-zeriai-no-ma-ai for high school kendo athletes was significantly higher than that of the high skill rank eighth-dan group (34.3%).
3. Average duration time of confrontation in issoku-itto-no-ma-ai was 3.7±1.8 sec. for males and 4.0±1.4 sec. for females, indicating significantly lower values for males in this group than those for males in the Japanese National Championship group (7.3±3.9 sec. ) or highly skilled eighth-dan group (15.1±8.1 sec. ).
4. Means and standard deviations overall for movement speed were 0.88±0.11m/sec. for males and 0.79±0.10m/sec. for females. Movement speed for high school males was significantly higher than that of the Japanese National Championship group (0.58±0.15m/sec.) and the high skill rank eighth dan group (0.39±0.09m/sec.). However, movement speed for female high school kendo athletes and the Japanese National Kendo Championship group did not show significant differences.

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