Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells, was administered in 69 chemotherapy-induced neutropenic pediatric patients (pts) with malignant tumors. Each pt received two cycles of the same chemotherapy and had neutropenia with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) <500/μ
l in the first cycle. Initiating 72 hours after termination of chemotherapy in the second cycle, rG-CSF (2 μg/kg/day) was given subcutaneously or intravenously to each pt for 10 days. rG-CSF significantly increased ANC at nadir; 72±14 vs. 206±40/μ
l (data in the first cycle vs. data in the second cycle, respectively), and reduced the period of neutropenia with ANC<500/μ
l; 9.7±0.6 vs. 5.1±0.6 days, and the period for restoration to ANC≥1,000/μ
l after initiation of chemotherapy; 25.5±0.6 vs. 17.5±0.9 days. rG-CSF did not affect other components of peripheral blood. The number of days with fever ≥38°C was significantly reduced by rG-CSF treatment. Neck pain and lumbago were observed in one pt, polakysuria in one pt, and elevation of the serum levels of LDH and uric acid in one pt, however these were mild to moderate, transient, and resolved without any specific treatment. We concluded that rG-CSF was effective in neutropenia induced by intensive chemotherapy for malignant tumors without any serious side effects.
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