近年,キュウリ果実のブルームの発生を抑制する台木を利用した接ぎ木栽培が全国的に普及してきており,病害の発生様相に少なからず影響していると考えられた。そこで代表的な少ブルーム台木として使用されているスーパー雲竜とブルームの発生が多い新土佐1号を供試して主要な地上部病害の発病推移を比較検討した。褐斑病の発生はうどんこ病と同様,少ブルーム台木への接ぎ木により著しく増加する傾向が認められた。この傾向は特に雨除けハウス栽培において顕著であった。一方,べと病は台木品種の違いによる発病の差異は認められなかった。台木の違いによる葉中無機成分含有率を比較したところ,必須元素の含有率に差異は認められなかったが,少ブルーム台木接ぎ木区のキュウリ葉では珪酸含量が極めて少なかった。少ブルーム台木への接ぎ木キュウリにおける珪酸の吸収阻害と病害抵抗性の低下との関連が示唆された。

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A carbon dioxide laser instrument has, been employed with remarkable success in the treatment of erosio portionis. The carbon dioxide laser emits an electromagnetic wave at 10.6 microns which is absorbed by tissue depending on the water content. This energy absorption converts the water to steam vaporization thus occurs and consequently cells are blown apart with the steam. The change so caused is confined to a small area, and there seems to be a minimum damage to the adjacent tissue with no bleeding. There occur rapid repair and regeneration.
The cytologic specimens taken immediately after the laser treatment revealed only mild transformation of squamous cells in the area of vaporization. But columnar cells appeared greatly elongated and thin. The nuclei of the columnar cells were elongated. Recovery following the laser treatment was rapid. The cytologic pattern revealed acute inflammatory changes 1-4 week after the laser treatment. The cytologic specimens contained many tissue repair cells and metaplastic cells with some histiocytes. By the 5th week these cells disappeared and cytologic presentation consisted mostly of squamous epithelial cells.

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ブルームレスキャベツ品種‘優緑’の生育，収穫物特性，および葉面の可視特性，物理的性質，微細構造をブルームを生じる一般的な品種‘錦秋’と比較検討した．
走査型電子顕微鏡で観察した結球葉面は，‘錦秋’が層状の結晶状物質で覆われていたのに対し，‘優緑’は非常に滑らかで結晶状物質はほとんど見られなかった．外葉および結球表面葉の葉色は，‘優緑’が‘錦秋’と比べてL*値（明度）とa*値（色相）が小さく，b*値（彩度）が大きかった．結球葉の葉色には，差異はみられなかった．外葉，結球葉の光沢度（G_S75˚）は表裏とも‘優緑’が‘錦秋’と比べて高かった．水滴滴下による外葉，結球葉の接触角θは，‘優緑’が91～104˚と‘錦秋’が130˚前後であるのに比べて小さかった．なお，‘優緑’の結球重は‘錦秋’と比べてやや軽かったが，その他の生育，収穫物特性，病害虫の発生に大きな差異はなかった．‘優緑’のこの葉面の特性は，色と光沢による差別化が図れ，農薬散布量低減の可能性のある有利な形質と考えられる．

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葉ネギの収穫時期ごとの鮮度保持期間を明らかにするために, 1995年7月, 11月, 1996年1月および4月に収穫したものの温度別の呼吸速度を調査し, 室温および15℃の貯蔵庫中に出荷容器ごとに保存し, 品質の変化を調査した。
(1) いずれの時期に収穫した葉ネギにおいても, 品温と呼吸速度の関係は二次式に近似できた。同じ品温であれば, 呼吸速度は冬期に収穫したもので最も高く, 夏期のもので最も低かった。これとは逆に, 収穫時における呼吸速度は夏期のもので最も高く, 冬期のもので最も低かった。
(2) 室温で貯蔵した場合, 夏期収穫の葉ネギでは, アスコルビン酸含量が早くから低下し, 葉先枯れの進行も他の時期に収穫したものに比べ早く, 鮮度保持期間が短くなった。冬期のものでは, 化学成分の保持に優れ, 葉先枯れの進行も遅く, 鮮度保持期間も長かった。
(3) 15℃で貯蔵した場合, 夏期収穫の葉ネギでは, 葉先枯れの進行も遅く, 鮮度保持期間が長かった。冬期のものは, 化学成分が早くから減少し, 葉先枯れも早くから進むことから鮮度保持期間が短かった。
(4) 葉ネギの呼吸速度と鮮度保持とは良く一致し, 呼吸速度が低いほど鮮度保持期間が長かった。

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We developed a suitable transplanter (electric semi-automatic type) for a spinach transplanting cultivation system using plug seedlings. This transplanter is light-weight (about 50kg) and optimizes to four rows with 15cm spacing between rows by two operators. Transplant efficiency was equal to or twice that of the hand planting. Labor stress on the bones and muscle system during transplanting using the transplanter showed marked improvement on evaluation by OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System). The inclination of the worker's body when transplanting with the transplanter differed depending on the stature of the worker. The influence on the heart rate increase using the transplanter differed depending on worker's physical characteristics.

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キュウリの嗜好評価の上で，食感の評価が重要である．そこで，キュウリ果実の果肉部の肉質を評価する方法を提案した．本法では，キュウリ果肉部にプランジャーを貫入させ，プランジャーの先端が果肉中を移動する間の力の変化を記録した．プランジャー貫入中の力の変化を指標化し，CI（crispness index）とした．CIはプランジャーが果肉中を貫入する間にかかる力を2次微分し，その絶対値の和として計算した．CIはコリコリした食感のキュウリ果肉において高い値を示した．多くの果実の食感評価の指標として「硬さ（組織破断時の力）」が広く用いられてきたが，CIは「硬さ」とは異なる特性を表すものと考えられる．従来法による「硬さ」の測定ができれば，新たな装置を準備しなくともCIの測定が可能で，「硬さ」とCIを用いることにより，より精度の高いキュウリ果実の食感評価が可能になるものと期待される．

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We studied atypical cells which were observed through the healing process of the CO₂ laser vaporization. From 1993 to 1996, 15 patients with severe dysplasia and 36 patients with carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix were treated by CO₂ laser at our outpatient clinic. The cervical Pap. tests and histology from punch biopsy of 51 Patients were examined retrospectively.
In 39 of the 51 (76.5%) patients, no abnormal microscopically findings were observed since 6 months after treatment, and we thought they were cured.
In 4 of the 39 (10.3%) patients who were cured, atypical cells were transiently observed from 2 to 12 weeks after therapy.
Cytologically, these cells were eosinophilic superficial, intermediate cells with dyskaryosis and showed irregular nuclear ridge. But these cells were different from tissue repair cells or parabasal type dysplastic cells which were observed before treatment.
It was suggested that the origin of these cells were reserve cells that were remained after laser vaporization and caused dyskaryosis because of rapid maturation during healing, or duration of chronic inflammatory.
Therefore, these cells disappeared after 12 weeks without therapy. It was suggested that the evaluation of CO₂ laser vaporization should be performed after follow up for certain period.

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We shortened the cultivation period of spinach in the field by transplanting rather than direct-seeded cultivation; the damage done by Tyrophagus similis Volgin on spinach was reduced.

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We studied atypical cells which were observed through the healing process of the CO₂ laser vaporization. From 1993 to 1995, 24 patients with carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix were treated by CO₂ laser at our outpatient clinic. The cervical Pap. tests and histology from punch biopsy of 24 Patients were examined retrospectively.
In 21 of the 24 (87.5%) patients, no abnormal microscopically findings were observed after treatment, and we thought they were cured.
In 2 of the 21 (9.5%) patients who were cured, atypical cells were transiently observed from 4 to 12 weeks after therapy.
Cytologically, these cells were eosinophilic superficial, intermediate cells with dyskaryosis and showed irregular nuclear ridge. But these cells were different from tissue repair cells or parabasal type dysplastic cells which were observed before treatment.
It was suggested that the origin of these cells were reserve cells that were remained after laser. vaporization and caused dyskaryosis because of rapid maturation during healing.
Therefore, these cells disappeared after 12 weeks without therapy. It was suggested that the evaluation of CO₂ laser vaporization should be performed after follow up for certain period.

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  Vegetables are essential for our rich and varied dietary life as well as for highly intellectual activities. The roles of vegetables in our diet have greatly changed in the past few decades. With the aim of increasing vegetable consumption, therefore, producers have been taking a wide range of measures in consideration of the requests and changes in the tastes of consumers.
  An example of vegetables in which supply season has been expanded is strawberries. Strawberries were an early-summer crop, traditionally grown outdoors and harvested in May and June. However, to meet consumers′ demands - they want to eat strawberries also in winter, especially in Christmas time -, strawberries have been sold in winter starting in November since around 1980s. Forcing culture and other means made this possible.
  Next, an example of vegetables whose appearances have been changed to meet the tastes of consumers is cucumbers. Cucumbers used to be covered with white bloom, and those with a larger amount of bloom were considered fresh. However, consumers started disliking this type of cucumbers. In 1985, it was found that the bloom could be reduced by grafting. Consumers′ preference for bloom-less cucumbers overwhelmed the demerits of grafting, and green shiny cucumbers are now sold.
  One of vegetables whose tastes have been improved is tomatoes. They used to be harvested when they just started turning red because the fruits softened when they became completely red and the taste was also bad. In 1983, a new cultivar of tomatoes was developed whose pulp remain firm even if harvested at full maturity and which has a rich taste because the fruits receive photosynthates from leaves for a longer period of time. Other “full-maturity” cultivars have since been developed too, contributing to an increase in consumers craving for tomatoes.
  In this way, advancement of under-structure cultivation and cultivation technologies, development of new cultivars, among other factors, have helped increase vegetable consumption.

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カイワレダイコン(Raphanus sativus L. ‘Kaiwaredaikon (Japanese radish sprout)’)の生育および抗酸化活性に与える気温の影響について検討した. 3水準の気温(15℃, 20℃, 25℃)を設定し, 6日間, カイワレダイコンを栽培した. そして, それぞれの気温条件における胚軸長, 新鮮重, 新鮮重/胚軸長比, 含水率, DPPHラジカル補足活性, および総ポリフェノール含量を測定した. その結果, 気温が低いほど, 胚軸長は短くなり, 新鮮重と含水率は低下する一方, DPPHラジカル補足活性および総ポリフェノール含量は増大したことが明らかとなった. また, DPPHラジカル補足活性と総ポリフェノール含量との間には正の相関があり, 低温下におけるポリフェノール類の蓄積がカイワレダイコンの抗酸化能の増大に寄与していることが示された.

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