Statistical Studies were made about 1372 cases of cystitis (urinary bladder disease) observed in 9 years ranged from January, 1948 to December, 1956, particularly reffered to monthly distribution and age and sex of patients. Furthermore, about 490 cases in later 5 years, carried out the cystoscopic examination, observation of general symptomes and detection of causative organisms. Results obtained were follows: 1. Patients distributed in every ages, (1-87ages) and most frequently in 20-29 ages (39.65% of total cases). 2. In idence was higher in females than in males (2.24:1), however, in younger ages (1-10ages) this relation was conveusely, i.e. 25 cases in females and 39 cases in males. 3. In male patients the disease occured mostly in January and secondly in August, the other hand in females, mostly in August, followed by June and July. 4. As subjective symptomes, pains on urination was found to be most frequent (79.8% of patients), and in this symptome pain immediately after or at the end of urination was chiefly complained. Moreover, in 65.3% of the patients light tenesmus (Restharngef¨hl in germany) was complained. Hematuria was found in 38 male cases (46.45%) and 123 female cases (30.6%). Gross hematuria was observed in 79 cases (16.12%), consisting of 33 male cases (86.8%) and 46 female cases (37.3%). 5. Coli group of bacteria was isolated most frequently as causative organism and was followed by staphylococci. The rate of isolation of coli group was 28.16%, this value was not so high as descrived in many other reports. 6. The ratio between cystitis of tuberculous origin and others was 1:50.8 in present study. 7. On the cystoscopic examination, various stages of inflammatory reddening were seen most frequently and fallowed by edema and localaized bleeding. Nodular erosion and ulcers were scarcely observed. Leukoplakia was more often seen than expected.Diseased site in trigone was clearly predominant. 8.Vesical capacity was 70cc in most reduced case and was 550cc in the largest one, In most cases (32.4% of all patients), it was about 300cc. 9. As predisposing factors and complications of the disease, following complaints existed, i.e. urethrits, urethral stricture, prostata hypertrophy, prostatitis, vesical calculi, foregin bodies in the bladder, vesical tumors, vesicoenteric fistula, ureteral calculi, renal calculi, pyelitis, pregnancy, ovarian cysts, urethral caruncles and surgical opeyrations. But in this statistical studies, these cases were excluded except pregnancy.

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The Satsumon culture was in existence in Hokkaido from 9th to 13th century A.D. as a Pre-Ainu culture of Hokkaido. The Satsumon culture succeeded the Post-Jomon culture. The Satsumon culture was formed on the basic cultural elements of the Post-Jomon culture. Some cultural elements from Japanese culture of that time were added to them. The basic cultural elements of the Post-Jomon culture had their roots in late or the latest Jomon culture in northern Japan. So, the Satsumon culture can be regarded as one of the direct descendants of the late or the latest Jomon culture in the northern Japan.
About two thousands years ago, rice cultivation began in Japan. At first, rice cultivation was practised in southwestern Japan and it gradually expanded to the east. Finally, it reached the southern Tohoku district, but it could not penetrate into northern Tohoku and Hokkaido. In the northern Tohoku and Hokkaido, people lived on fishing, gathering and hunting as was the case in the previous Jomon period. After the introduction of rice cultivation, the livelihood of people in Japan was separated into two different ways. In most parts of Japan, in southern Japan, people depended on rice cultivation and in the northern extremity of Japan, people lived on fishing, gathering and hunting.

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This study undertaken in order to reveal the historical process and technical characters of the joint technology in timber frame structures in Japanese traditional house. These joint technologies called shikuchi in Japanese. This study puts in focus on horizontal member used in Japanese traditional house, called sashimono, and analyzes these shikuchi joint to pillars of framework in Early Modern houses, it reveals these historical changes and some local characteristics. In this study, defined 13 joint elements, we analyzed the sashimono joint that has described in the restoration report on early modern house in eastern Japan.

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本稿では，日本の介護保険の施設サービスの削減が市町村にとって実現可能な目標であったのか検証するために，施設サービスの1 つである療養病床の廃止が決定された経緯と，その後も存続し続けている理由を審議会資料等に基づき分析することで，次の2 点を明らかにした．第一に，介護保険制度導入時に医療保険の財政負担軽減のために役割が期待されていた療養病床だが，介護保険財政の膨張が進む中で「社会的入院」の解消の妨げになっているとの指摘を受け，その廃止が決定されたことが明らかとなった．その際，厚労省は「社会的入院」の解消のために，積極的に費用抑制を強調し経済アクターと市町村に同調した一方で，療養病床の廃止に反対する医療・福祉関係者の負担を軽減するという両義的な方法をとった．第二に，療養病床の削減が財政抑制を重視してすすめられたことで十分な代替サービスが提供できなくなり，療養病床を廃止するという目標が実現困難になったことが明らかとなった．また施設サービスへの需要が満たされないために，無届を含めた有料老人ホームや介護施設利用者待機の増大につながっている可能性が考えられる．以上から示唆されることとして，市町村自らの政策によって施設から在宅への転換を実現することが困難なため，後期高齢者と低所得の高齢者の二つを算定基準としている現状の財政調整システムである調整交付金では，施設サービス費の多寡という市町村には調整できない要因によって保険料の不平等な格差を生じさせうることがあげられる．

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