We investigated layer structures of the three smectic C phases (SmC, SmC', SmC") in a liquid crystal with the terminal hydroxyl group using X-ray diffraction, and found that SmC is the conventional SmC
1 phase and SmC" is the bilayer SmC
2 phase. The SmC' phase forms the in-plane modulation structure. In this paper, we studied the binary system between homologous compounds showing only moonlayer SmC and only bilayer SmC", and found that SmC' appears in the mixture with a certain mixing ratio. This result suggests that modulated SmC' appears caused by the frustration of monolayer SmC and bilayer SmC".
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