近年，トランスフェリン中に存在する糖鎖欠損トランスフェリンの比率（%CDT）が飲酒マーカーとして有用であると報告されている。一般的に日本人は欧米人に比べアルコール飲酒量が少ない傾向であり，カットオフ値の検討が必要と考えられるがその報告は少ない。そこで我々は，健診事業における毎日の習慣飲酒者の検出における%CDTの日本人のカットオフ値について検討した。対象は2018年2月に当院の健診センターを受診した234例とし，アンケートにより非飲酒群74例，時々飲酒群80例，毎日飲酒群80例に分類した。検討の結果，毎日の習慣飲酒者を検出するためのカットオフ値は1.96%であり，感度18.8%，特異度95.0%であった。

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of Chinaʼs low birthrate and aging population on the age structure of Chinese visiting Japan. In this study, we take the changes in the age structure of Chinese visiting Japan from 2006 to 2017 as objective variables, and set factors that may affect the changes in age structure as explanatory variables, and then use correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis to determine Examined the correlation between the two. The results of the investigation show that the factors affecting the proportions of the various age groups of Chinese visiting Japan are as follows: In the “40 to 44” age group, it is “the proportion of the population over 65 in the total population”. In the “55 to 59” age group is the “child dependency ratio”. The two age groups “60 to 64” and “65 to 69” are the “elderly dependency ratio”. In the “70 years and older” age group, it is “the proportion of the population over the age of 65 to the total population”. As a result, this study has reached the conclusion that the age structure of Chinese visiting Japan will be tilted towards the elderly to a certain extent.

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In order to clarify clinical characteristics of "traumatic" intracranial hypotension (TIH) treated in Japan, 100 Japanese articles were reviewed and compared to 201 foreign articles. The results revealed the features of TIH in Japan as follows; 1) prolific numbers of the reported cases (227 cases) (foreign cases; 15 cases), 2) high incidence (69%) of traffic accident as a cause of injury (foreign cases; 20%), 3) long periods from injury to diagnosis; more than 1 year in many cases, 4) CSF leakage from lumber regions in vast majority cases (foreign cases: cervicothoracic regions; 91%), 5) fewer cases (55%) showing postural headache (foreign cases; 86%), 6) fewer cases (49%) showing dural enhancement on Gd-MRI (foreign cases; 93%), 7) fewer cases treated conservatively (foreign cases; 71%), 8) high numbers of blood patch procedure per patient, 9) lower cure rate (22%) by blood patch procedure (foreign cases; 100%). These results suggest that the clinical entity of TIH treated in Japan differs from that treated in foreign countries.

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This article describes innovations in tourism information systems and their changing after the Internet technologies have appeared. Airline companies in United States started to provide computer reservation system to be made air ticket reservation and to be confirmed their seats in the aircraft. These systems were provided to travel agency to help their business. After around 2000, as the Internet develops, the tourism information systems have been becoming an increasingly development for B2C. Recent research contributions are including innovative user support; user preferences on the web can be analyzed by data mining technology; and the system make a travel plan based on users' preferences.

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The asymmetry of information and various principal-agent relations can be found in the tourism industry. They might cause a problem of what we call moral hazard. This study attempts to find out the best way to bring out the highest level of efforts from an agent. It is necessary to monitor the signals given by an agent, and by monitoring as many signals as possible it is possible to have a small margin of error. Most travel agencies depend on only a few signals to judge the hospitality skills of a tour conductor. In order to reduce the number of errors in monitoring, they should increase the number of signals evaluated.

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当論文の主張は,以下の3点である。(1)森林組合の機能論的分析は,これまで経済的,そして社会的な側面を中心に展開されてきた。しかし,森林組合は政治的にも重要な機能を担っている。(2)これらの機能(経済的機能,社会的機能,政治的機能)は,経済システム,社会システム(狭義),政治システムにおける組合の働きと理解することができる。(3)森林組合は,協同組合としての性格だけでなく利益集団あるいは業界団体としての機能も有している。組合を利益集団として明確に位置づけ,森林組合研究に利益集団論等の研究成果を取り込んでいくべきである。森林組合の政治的活動には,1941年の全国森林組合連合会の設立と,1960年代前半の外材輸入の自由化という少なくとも2つの転機が考えられるが,これらの時期を通じて我が国の森林組合は利益集団としての性格を強めてきた可能性もある。

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In this paper, the contemporary technology of micro-EDM is overviewed. The basic technological background of micro-EDM is discussed first. Following some introduction of the types of equipment, present state of the technology and examples of machining are shown. Various possible combinations with other micromachining technologies are also discussed.

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