The complex strain-optical coefficient K^*, complex stress-optical coefficient M^*, complex modulus of elasticity E^* and the corresponding loss tangent of phase angles between the stress, strain and birefringence have been measured for several high polymers in the frequency range from 0.001 to 10 cycles per second. Frequency and temperature dependences of the dynamic optical properties of vulcanized Hevea rubber are very similar to those of the dynamic mechanical properties. On the other hand, the dynamic optical properties of polyethylene and polypropylene show remarkable dispersions in the above frequency range. The dynamic optical behavior of these three materials are very typical and are quite different from each other. The differences have been explained by considering different frequency dependences of three kinds of deformation mechanism, namely, orientation of molecules in amorphous region, deformation of spherulites, and orientation of crystals.

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　本研究では，秋田県北鹿地域に産する黒鉱と空間的に密接に関係している鉄酸化物層や黒鉱直上や周辺部に見られる珪質堆積岩中のレアアースを含む微量元素成分の分析を行い，当時の堆積環境と鉄・マンガン酸化物やシリカの沈殿プロセスについて明らかにする事を目的とした。その結果，黒鉱形成時には熱水活動が活発であり，鉄石英層は酸化還元境界で酸化された鉄酸化物が還元的堆積場に沈降する事で形成したと考えられる。直上の泥岩の堆積場も還元的であり，このような還元環境が黒鉱鉱床の保存に重要な役割を果たしたと考えられる。その後，堆積場の浅化に伴い，酸化的な環境で鉄やシリカが沈殿，堆積したと考えられる。

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The Nurukawa deposit is of Kuroko type lately discovered in the northeastern extension of the Hokuroku district. The first discovery was made by surface diamond drilling in 1984 under thick cover of Quaternary pyroclastics about 2 km west of the lake Towada. An extensive exploration program has been carried out by combining construction of underground drifts and subsequent underground drillings.
The No. 5 and No. 3 ore bodies are now under exploration and exploitation. The characterisitcs of the deposit are nearly the same as those of known Kuroko deposits except its high gold content. It consists of polymetallic massive sulfide layer (black ore) and underlying silicified tuff breccia with network and dissemination of sulfides (siliceous ore). The siliceous orebody is classified into two types, namely, layered and stockwork, based on their shape and mode of occurrence. The latter type has cylindrical shape with a diameter of 20 to 40 meters and the vertical length of more than 50 meters. It has been revealed that gold content in the siliceous ore is extremely high especially in its core which ranges from 15 gram/ton to 100 gram/ton.
Gold and silver mineral in siliceous ore is identified as electrum which has 50-70wt.% gold and 50-30 wt.% silver. In layered and stockwork siliceous ores, the electrum is concentrated in the chalcopyrite-pyrite-quartz veinlets as tiny grains about 10 microns in their diameter. These veinlets occur both on the margins of sphalerite and galena-bearing sulfide veinlets and within breccias in sphalerite and galena-bearing silicified pyroclastic rocks.
Statistical analysis of assays on gold, silver, lead, zinc, iron, and barium (sulfate) in the siliceous ore indicates that gold has strong affinity with copper and iron. Whereas, lead, zinc and barium which represent the elements enriched in black ore show good correlation each other. It is concluded, therefore, that the gold mineralization took place prior to that of the black ore.

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The measurements have been made of the sonic moduli (pulse propagation moduli) and the tensile moduli simultaneously on the filaments produced from various polymers to investigate the orientation characteristics of molecules in the drawing process. The tensile moduli have been measured dynamically by giving the sample sinusoidal strain, whose amplitude is about 0.4% and frequency is 0.12cps, and by stress relaxation statically. These three moduli gives different information each on the behavior of polymer molecules during the elongation. The variance of pulse propagation time (ΔT) has also been measured when the sample is given dynamic strain (Δγ) or stress (ΔS) of the low frequency of 0.12cps. The physical meanings of the coefficients ΔT/Δγ and ΔT/ΔS are discussed from the point of molecular orientation.
The measuring apparatus consists of pulse propagation viscoelastic meter, strain meter, stress meter, bias current part, drawing device and X-Y recorder. The dynamic tensile moduli have been measured by Lissajous method. Only the change of pulse propagation time has been amplified after the electric current corresponding to the propagation time of the sample, which was not dynamically strained, was cut off by the opposite bias current. The measurements have been made mainly on polypropylene filaments (1050d) at room temperature (about 30°C). The results are as follows:
(1) The dynamic tensile moduli (E') and pulse propagation moduli (E_s) do not change so much for polypropylene filaments of lower draw ratio, but increase much for that of higher draw ratio with the increase of static strain. E' increases monotonously with the increase of draw ratio. E_s, however, has a minimum at the draw ratio of about 1.5. The reason why the E_s curve passes the minimum seems to be found in the process of crystalline orientation which gives much influence upon the drawing process at the lower elongation. At the higher elongation, E' and E_s increase in accordance with the increase of amorphous orientation.
(2) The propagation moduli on polypropylene filaments were measured during the stress relaxation. The stress relaxation moduli (E_r) decrease monotonously within the measured time. Because of increase of molecular orientation E_s increases to about 100sec and reaches the constant value which corresponds to the strain. R. S. Stein et al. have reported that crystalline orientation is completed within 1sec from the observation of dynamic birefriengences and dynamic X-ray diffraction. Taking accounts of these results, it is considered that the change of E_s within 100sec has been occasioned by the relaxation of the orientation of the amorphous parts though the orientation is usually complete within 100sec. The change of E_s which is derived from crystalline orientation seems to be too fast to observe.
(3) The change of pulse propagation time (ΔT) when a filament received dynamic strain (Δγ) or dynamic stress (ΔS) are recorded on the X-Y recorder with either of them. The coefficients ΔT/Δγ or ΔT/ΔS are defined as“strain-pulse propagation coefficient”or“stress-pulse propagation time coefficient”respectively. The strain-pulse propagation time coefficient is useful as a measure showing the degree of the allowance of molecular strain. The coefficients of polypropylene are positive for lower elongated filaments, negative for moderately elongated filaments, and zero for highly elongated filaments. The change of the coefficient with the increase of the static strain also shows this tendency.

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This paper examines the views on Jizō （Kṣitigarbha） sūtras and Jizō worship expounded in the writings of Sasaki Gesshō 佐々木月樵 （1875-1926） and brings into relief his focus on the realities of the present life in this world 現世, 此土. Sasaki, a Shin Buddhist priest of the Ōtani sect and a disciple of Kiyozawa Manshi 清沢満之 （1863-1906）, noted that the teachings found in Jizō sūtras comprise a “vehicle for humans and gods” 人天乗, a skillful means 方便 to ultimately lead followers to the Pure Land teachings 浄土教 of Amitābha or Maitreya. However, he emphasized the significance of the doctrine of karmic retribution found in Jizō sūtras as strictly and unwaveringly focused on wholesome and unwholesome deeds and salvation from their retribution in this life on earth. Considering that Sasakiʼs examination of what he called “popular sūtras” 民衆経典 including Jizō sūtras was a part of his effort to remake Buddhism into a modern religion, his focus on the reality of the world around us and our present life provides insight into how we may make Buddhism more relevant for us today.

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北鹿（ほくろく）地域は，本邦有数の大規模黒鉱鉱床が密集することで知られる．黒鉱鉱床は，金銀をはじめ多様な有価金属を含有し，その経済的価値も高いことから，これまで膨大な量の探鉱活動が行われた．その結果，黒鉱に関る地質・鉱床学的知見のみならず，それらと密接に関連する東北本州弧の島弧発達過程についても，時間分解能の高い詳細なデータが蓄積された．本巡検では，背弧拡大の直前に行われた陸弧安山岩の活動から，背弧海盆バイモーダル火山活動を経て島弧成立に至るまでの一連の火山活動の変遷を観察し，それらの必然的産物として形成された黒鉱鉱床について，現世海底熱水鉱床と対比しつつ，最近の知見を踏まえて新たな視点から紹介する．

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The Nurukawa kuroko deposit was discovered in 1984 and commenced its production in 1987. Current monthly production is 5, 000 tons of ore grading 6.8g/t Au, 123g/t Ag, 0.74%Cu, 3.86%Pb, and 7.92%Zn. The deposit consists of five discrete ore bodies; Nos 5 and 3 ore bodies are under mining operation and the rests are in exploration stage. Among them, No. 5 ore body is the largest in size and highest in ore grade. It is characterized by gold and silver rich black ore (massive sulfide) and gold-bearing siliceous ore which develops in footwall tuff breccias. The latter ore is subdivided into two types, namely, stratiform and stockwork types, on the basis of its mode of occurrence and distribution. The stratiform type siliceous ore is composed of fragments of gold-bearing network ore of quartz-chalcopyrite-pyrite and interstitial siliceous matrix rich in lead and zinc. On the contrary, the stockwork type siliceous ore is rich in chalcopyrite and pyrite and is overprinted by lead and zinc mineralization.
No.3 ore body consists of bedded clayey black ore which is considered to have replaced tuff breccia, fine-grained massive black ore contaminated with muddy material, and underlying gypsum ore. No. 2 ore body is composed of massive sulfide ore which is zoned vertically into black and yellow ores, and ore composed of fragmented and trans-ported massive sulfides. Those are underlain by gypsum and siliceous ores.
The wall-rock alteration zoning around the Nurukawa deposit is; sericite-chlorite, mixed-layer clay, montmorillonite, and zeolite zones, in ascending order. Kaolinite and kaolinite-montmorillonite mixed-layer clay mineral are observed above the black ore of the Nos. 3 and 5 ore bodies. The mineralization age determined by K-Ar method on sericite samples has a range between 10.7 and 12.5Ma with an average of 11.7Ma. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz cluster around 265-281°C. It is suggested that no boiling had occurred during the formation of the deposit. The δ³⁴S data on mineral separates and bulk sulfide ores range from +4.8 to+6.8% except one sample.
All of these geochemical data coincide with "ordinary" values of the kuroko deposits of the Hokuroku area. Therefore, it is not easy to explain the reason why the Nurukawa deposit has extremely high gold content compared to other kuroko deposits. However, positive relationship between salinity and filling temperature of the fluid inclusions and geologic reconstruction of the area both suggest that the formation of the deposit appears to be happened near shore where ore-forming solution was diluted by meteoric water. This mixing might effectively cause the precipitation of gold.

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In an effort to reestablish Buddhism as a modern religion, Japanese Buddhists of the Meiji and Taishō eras studied major Buddhist sūtras from new viewpoints. Focusing on the text “On Huayan Culture” (Kegon bunka ni tsuite 華厳文化に就て), this paper brings to light ideas relevant for us today that can be found in the innovative reading of the Huayan Sūtra by the Shin Buddhist priest Sasaki Gesshō (佐々木月樵, 1875–1926).

Sasaki called the last chapter of the Huayan Sūtra the “Practice on Earth Section” (地行篇), emphasizing the significance of the story of the pilgrimage of Sudhana told in the section as a model of bodhisattva practice. Sasaki also focused on the “Dependent Origination from Craving” (貪愛縁起) as another important topic of the Sudhana story. Sasaki argued that in reality, the major cause of human suffering is craving rather than the more theoretically important concept of ignorance, a fact often neglected throughout the history of Huayan Sūtra worship by clerical academics too often given to theorizing.

Sasaki believed that Buddhism should base its teachings on the realities of the life of the ordinary person (凡夫) constricted by desires and affections.

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Analytical techniques are irreplaceable factors for the manufacturing of electronic components to ensure their reliability and performance, which also enhance and accelerate the research and development for new products. According to our management philosophy regarding the quality of our products, we have been conducting intermediate inspections among the manufacturing processes using various analytical methods to verify the quality of raw materials. It is one of the crucial missions for the analysis section in our company to develop techniques for reducing the lead time and the costs. In recent days, the on-site inspections in the factory that provide ease and safety of the operation with high accuracy are required to increase the productivity. In this report, we introduce our typical techniques, such as on-site inspections, namely, the ion electrode method for chlorine examination instead of IC and impurity analysis replacing ICP-OES with ED-XRF.

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