1965年，初めての小児専門病院，国立小児病院が設立され，1968 年，アメリカ留学から帰国された松尾準雄先生が，日本で初めて先天性心疾患の患児にカテーテルによる心房中隔裂開術を行いました．当時，重症のチアノーゼで根治手術までもたない患児に希望を与え，わが国のカテーテル治療に大きな第一歩を刻んだ治療でした． その論文が掲載された創刊当時の雑誌「心臓」を見ながら，松尾先生にお話をおうかがいしました．

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実有痛開口域 (自力有痛開口域から自力無痛開口域を引いた値) を指標として顎関節クローズドロック症例の一次療法の予後を検討し, 実有痛開口域が本症例の一次療法の効果を予測する因子となりうるかを検討した。
対象は2004年9月～2007年2月 (2年6か月間) に当科に初診となった顎関節症患者341名のうち, 顎関節クローズドロックと診断された106名中27例 (男性4名, 女性23名。平均40.3歳 (14～74歳) ) とした。対象を実有痛開口域6mm以上群 (16名17関節) と6mm未満群 (11名11関節) とし, これら2群間で, ロック期間, 一次療法期間, 一次療法前後の疼痛VAS, 最大開口域の各項目について比較検討を行った。顎関節機能障害度分類を使用し, 各群の対象症例数に対する改善症例数を改善率として評価した。
結果: 改善率は実有痛開口域6mm以上群 (94%) が実有痛開口域6mm未満群 (36%) よりも有意に高かった (p＜0.05)。
したがって実有痛開口域は, クローズドロック症例の一次療法の効果を治療前の時点において予測するうえで重要な指標であると考えられた。

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　近年の「身体」をめぐるベストセラーに注目すると、以前からみられるダイエット関連の書籍に加え、開脚、体幹、ふくらはぎといった特定の身体部位に注目し、それらへの働きかけによって人生の諸問題が一点突破的に解決するとする書籍をいくつかみることができる。このような身体をめぐる想像力はいかにして生まれたのだろうか。また、これらのうち体幹に関する書籍は、サッカー選手の長友佑都がトレーニングと自己啓発を地続きのものとして語るものだったが、このような身体をめぐる想像力は彼もしくは制作者の独創性によるものと単純に捉えるべきだろうか。本稿ではこのような身体をめぐる想像力に関する疑問を追究していく。
　まず特定の身体部位への注目については、女性向けライフスタイル誌『an・an』を分析対象として、その身体観の変遷を追跡した。具体的には、身体に関する「モノ」の消費、美の「心理化」が目指された1980・1990 年代を経て、2000 年代中頃から身体的「不調」の解消、体内の浄化が同誌の主たる関心になり、それが2010 年代に特定の身体部位の調整を通して心身の悩みを解消しようとする特集が陸続と展開することになる。これらから、近年のベストセラーは、大衆的な身体をめぐる想像力の系譜上に位置づけうることになる。
　次に、スポーツ関係者による自著を素材に検討を行った結果、やはりこれも長友らの独創性というよりは、戦後以来の系譜をたどることのできる、スポーツへの考え方とビジネス一般についての考え方を節合する言説の展開のうちにその想像力を位置づけうると考えられた。身体をめぐるこうした想像力の志向はともに、自らの身体を自らケアし、調整していくことを促すとする、現代的な自己統治の議論に収めることができる。だがおそらく重要なのは、包括的な統治論よりも描写をダウンサイジングさせたところでの、統治技法の具体的な展開や分散をより精緻に分析していくことだろう。

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 The purpose of this paper is to categorize the overhand pitch which is one of the techniques of the pitcher in baseball from a movement structure aspect，and as a document in the historical development process from the mid 1870s when baseball came in, to 2008.

 Firstly, the overhand pitch can be roughly classified into two systems: “an inclined torso system overhand pitch” and “a horizontal torso system overhand pitch”. The former has common movement techniques of that of the inclined torso toward second base, and, the inclined toward home base. On the other hand, the common movement technique of the latter is a vertical movement of the torso. This system of overhand pitch is primarily emphasized on control, especially, throwing the low ball.

 Secondly, two systems were categorized in to five types as follow. On the one hand, “an inclined torso system overhand pitch” are classified into three types. Number 1, “a movement of only inclining the torso type” which depend on the power of the incline torso movement. Number 2, “an inclined movement of the torso and a twist of the waist type” by incorporating the twist of the waist during an arm swing. And number 3, “an inclined movement of the torso and torsion return of the waist type” by a follow up movement: the twisting torso to the second base direction and a twist back to the home base direction. On the other hand, “a horizontal torso system overhand pitch” can be divided into two types. The first is “a horizontal torso movement and torsion return of the waist type” that incorporates a vertical movement of the torso and the twisting movement of the torso to the second base direction and a twist back to the home base direction. Another type of this system is “a vertical movement of the torso and a twist of the waist during an arm swing type”. With regard to this, the following movements are omitted: a torso movement that inclines toward second base, the twisting torso to the second base direction and a twist back to the home base direction. Therefore, this type of overhand pitch emphasizes movement stability.

 Thirdly, these types of overhand pitch can be divided by adding an additional standard of “the movement of limbs”: The category of “an inclined movement of the torso and torsion return of the waist type” can be divided into two types by the movement technique to make a driving force: “made by an extreme rise of the leg type”, and “made by a driving of the pivoting foot type”. The former is to make a driving force by a reaction of rising up the leg extremely high. The latter is based on the movements that drive the pitcher’s plate by pivoting the foot. Moreover, the “a horizontal torso movement and torsion return of the waist type” can be classified into two types in regard to the backswing arm movement: “backswing by straight arm type”, and “backswing by a raised elbow type”.

 To summarize, with regards to the “movement of the torso and waist”, there are two systems of which can be classified into five types. By adding an additional standard of “the movement of limbs”, it is possible to classify them in to seven types.

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「言語ゲーム」を、言葉と振る舞いのセットによって成り立っていると考えるなら、あらゆる「研究」は、言葉と祈りという振る舞いのセットで成り立つ宗教のようなものではないか。しかし、「言語ゲーム」を批判しながら「第三項」理論を構築する田中実も須貝千里も決定的な誤解の上に批判を展開している。東ロボが受けた東大模試の英語の試験に見られるように、コンテクストが「正解」をいくらでも作り出すことができる。これが文学を教室で殺さずに教えることではないか。

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the historical developing process from the mid 1870s when baseball came in, to 2008, about the movement of the overhand pitch that is one of techniques of the pitcher in baseball. The result of this study can be outlined as follows. 　 When baseball came to Japan in the beginning of the 1870s, the pitcher must pitch the ball in an easy underhand motion. In 1895, American rules were translated into Japanese for the first time the history of overhand pitching started at this time. However, there was no pitcher's mound, therefore, the pitcher must generate the power of the ball by himself. As a result, torso movement that inclined toward second base, and, inclined toward home base developed. 　 In 1905, a new rule was introduced to Japan. This rule provided for the height of pitcher's mound to a maximum height of 15 inches. This change made the pitcher more able to throw down from a high position. As a result, the movement that inclined toward home base was emphasized. One more reason of this emphasis was the location of the strike zone. It was identified between a batter's knees and his shoulders on the basis of a vertical posture, therefore, a speedball up to the height of the shoulder was a good ball. To throw that kind of ball, movement like that was required. 　 At the end of the 1920s, the twisting of the waist during an arm swing was generalized. In addition, combination of the torso movement and limbs was utilized. There was gradually an increase of the attention to ball control behind this development. 　 From a rule of 1941, the pitcher was permitted to step back behind the pitcher's plate, before stepping to home base. As a result, the pitcher came to be able to make more of a driving force to the home base direction by rising up his leg up extremely high. In order to generate this power, a follow up movement developed; the twisting torso to the second base direction and s twist back to the home base direction. 　 In 1956, the strike zone was reduced to between the batter's knee and his "arm pits", on the basis of the "batting posture". As a result, the effect of the speedball in relation to the height of the shoulder came to be called "ball" which means not a strike. And throwing to the lowest height came to be the most important factor, therefore, the movement of the inclining torso which was seen since the beginning, came to be ineffective. And pitching in an inclined movement changed to a vertical movement of the torso. Because of this change, the subject of the pitcher changed from aiming to create big power pitches into stabilizing the control of the pitch. 　 In 1988, the height of the pitcher's mound was reduced from a height of 15 inches to 10 inches. Next year, the upper limit of the strike zone was dropped from "armpit" to "horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulder and the top of the uniform pants". In 1997, the lower limit of strike zone was dropped to beneath the kneecap. For those reasons, the pitcher began to put emphasis on control, especially, throwing the lowest ball became the most important subject, more so than before. To throw a lower ball, stability of movement was taken into consideration as well. This resulted in the twisting to the second base direction that had been seen since about the 1940s to become ineffective for the first time. And then, the movement of the arms and legs, such as a forward step with a twisting inward motion, a backswing whilst lifting an elbow, a forward swing with a torsion movement and the return of it, developed. As a summary, the vertical torso movement and the twisting direction to home base is the conventional movement technique of modern day overhand pitching of baseball.

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