The purpose of this study is to. examine the distribution of the Tsumairi and the Hirairi through the analysis of thatched house in Shiga prefecture. The result are as follows: (1) Tsumairi is distributed especially in northern area. (2) The north-south axis of roof and the south door are related to Tsumairi style. (3) Tsumairi is highly related to the weather conditions, especially snow which is much influenced from Lake Biwa. (4) The difference of the roof maintenance management between the northern area and the southern area is found. (5) The correlation with the custom in the heavy snow area and the distribution of Tsumairi area is identified.

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This paper traces the conversion from Munamochi-bashira structure with no divided superstructure to Jikubu-koyagumi structure with divided superstructure via the examples of the Japanese vernacular houses. Firstly many examples which had not only Munamochi-bashira structure but Jikubu-koyagumi structure did exist. They were built during the time of the conversion. Secondly the conversion was made in two phases; one was drastic at the time of total rebuilding and the other was gradual at the time of partial reform. Finally the conversion were carried widely throughout the centuries by the people with the intermediate technology and the people called Sekenshi.

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The Nose district, as is so called in this paper, is the part administratively consisting of Nose-cho and Higasi nose mura and lying in the northernmost of Osaka Prefecture. Farm houses in the district are of two types ; one is the tumairi-tatewari type, whose plan contains two longitudinally divided parts with rooms arranged mainly in front and the rear, and the other the hirairi-yokowari type. Our previous paper has already testified the oldest houses in the district not only to have been those of the tumairi type but also to have approached the hirairi type in their plan and construction, and finally, to have got fully prepared for an easy transition to it by shifting the direction of roof ridge. Furthermore, not to mention the influence of the hirairi type upon the tumairi, such a trasition as mentioned above was traceable to the unstability of room arrangement and construction comon to the houses of tumairi-tatewari type. Those except a few at Yosikawa at the extreme west of Higasi Nose mura, which lies east of Nose cho, have disappeard. An old resident in the village says that there stood a fair number of the tumairi houses tens of years before ; hence, the whole district turns out to have been the range of tumairi houses. On the other hand, our investigation shows that those houses of hirairi type which wear built in the latter days of the Tokugawa Shogunate and later have been found in Nose-cho where tumairi houses still remain as a group, while in Higasi Nose mura a considerable number of old hirairi houses with four rooms have been found which are judged to have been built at least not later than in the middle Edo period. Such houses with four rooms were widely distributed south of the district over the plains of Osaka and Hyogo Prefectures, and yet, in the plains of Osaka they had already had a difinite form in the early Edo period. Such being the case, from the plain of Osaka the hirairi houses are considered to have been introduced in the Nose district, and the time when they were introduced is concluded to have been about the middle of the Edo period. Thus, the tumairi houses, subdued by the stability of hirairi houses, were to disappear earlier in Higasi Nose mura than in Nose-cho.

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The Shiraoi Village Ainu settlement that Takabeya investigated in 1940 was divided among the villagers such that each Ainu family household was allotted one section of land. Houses belonging to "village chief/equivalent" villagers had elongated floor space and both the main and auxiliary structures were larger in scale than those belonging to the "other people" villagers. Furthermore, "village chief/equivalent" villagers owned structures. "Other people" villagers did not possess such structures and what they did possess was apparently intended only for habitation. It is also possible that gabled roof houses were used both for habitation as well as for auxiliary activities. In addition, there were traits common among the houses of both groups. For example, construction was arranged such that houses had their longer axis parallel to the east-west axis of the settlement.

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In this paper, the external appearance of the traditional town housing and its evolution processes are analyzed. conclusions are as follows, 1. The main roof style of the housing type with the receding entrance (Genkan-kotai type) had been developing from the saddle roof to the saddle with the pent roof ("Irimoya"). 2. The roof of the kitchen transformed from the lean-to roof to the saddle roof, as the kitchen had been projecting from the main structure. 3. The roof style of the vestibule had developed from the lean-to roof to the saddle with the pent roof. 4. The morphological development of the external appearance of the traditional town housing had been motivated by the resident's aspiration for keeping his status.

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The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between the design of Shoka which means merchant houses and the townscape of Mori-machi in the early Showa period (1926-1945). As a result, more than half of lots were formed large enough to provide space for several " Shoka". And each "Shoka" build on these lots had a large frontage which was normally divided into several shops. These merchant houses had a low storied facade at a front gate, and their roofs had hipped roof shape and had double hung windows in upper floor facades.

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When myocardium is held in a stretched position, its [Ca²⁺]_i and twitch force slowly increase over several minutes (slow force response to stretch: SFR). We have reported that TRPC3, non-selective cation channel, contributes to the SFR. Although their intracellular localization is important for the cellular function, it still remains unclear. To predict the localization of TRPC3, we investigated the changes in [Ca²⁺]_SR during SFR in single isolated mouse cardiomyocytes in combination with mathematical model simulation study. Fura-4F-loaded cells were electrically stimulated at 1 Hz. A pair of carbon fibers was attached to cell ends to apply axial stretch. [Ca²⁺]_SR was estimated by the caffeine-induced changes in [Ca²⁺]_i before and after stretch (300 s). The stretch significantly increased the [Ca²⁺]_SR, while C36I-A, TRPC3 blocker, diminished the increase in [Ca²⁺]_SR. The results were reproduced only by the model with sarcolemmal stretch-activated cation channels, suggesting TRPC3 channels are located on sarcolemma.

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 Kaetsu region is the northern part of Niigata prefecture. Major towns in this area are three castle towns(johka-machi); Murakami, Shibata, Muramatsu, and four port towns(minato-machi); Senami, Iwafune, Nuttari, Niigata. Additionally, there are many small towns in countryside(zaigoh-cho) along major roads and rivers. Many historical buildings remain in these towns.
 One type of historical building is Machiya, which is traditional merchants' commercial and residential building. External form of Machiya is classified into two types; Tateya whose ridge of the roof is vertical to the attached street and Yokoya whose ridge is horizontal. Besides, there is Machiya that is mixture of Tateya and Yokoya in Kaetsu area. The front part of this Machiya is Yokoya, and the back part, which is predominant, is Tateya.
 The pupose of this paper is to clarify the number and the percentage of remaining Yokoya-Tateya mixed Machiya in Kaetsu area, and to understand design character of this building. Major results are as fillows:
 1) No Yokoya-Tateya mixed Machiya exist in nothern and southern Kaetsu region. On the other hand, there are many Yokoya-Tateya mixed Machiya in Naka-kanbara district and western Kita-kanbara district. It may be inferred that Yokoya-Tateya mixed Machiya was formed from Tateya. One of the reasons is becouse no Yokoya-Tateya mixed Machiya can be found in towns which are consisted purely of Yokoya.
 2) Several types of facade design are extracted from 740 Yokoya-Tateya mixed Machiya.
 3) As seen in old paintings and photographs, most Machiya in Niigata were Tateya in the late Edo and early Meiji period. The townscape changed in the mid meiji period, and many Yokoya-tateya mixed Machiya emerged. This might be a result of building guidelines proclaimed after the two great fires.

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携帯電話の3次元セル構成では，屋内間基地局同士の干渉が問題となる．この干渉量を把握するために，屋内間の伝搬損失の推定が必要である．屋内間伝搬損失は屋外間伝搬損失と建物侵入損失で成り立つと考えており，屋外間伝搬損失は検討を行っている．今回は1/24スケールの一般的な部屋の模型を作り，見通し環境で水平入射角度を変えて建物侵入損失を測定し，建物侵入損失の水平入射角度特性を明らかにした．

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The local architectural culture in Edo era has not been clarified sufficiently yet, nor has been established the research procedures in this field. This study aims to clarify the local architectural culture in Bingo province in Edo era from the viewpoint of distribution of architectural styles in Shintoism main shrine buildings. In this paper, the viewpoints in these kinds of studies were discussed at first, and the local Shintoism architectural culture in Bingo province in Edo era was studied from the viewpoints of arrangement, plane plan and roof style of the Shintoism buildings such as main shrines, worship halls, sacred dancing halls and other facilities. The Bingo province was found to have several interesting locally characteristic distributions when wiewed from the architectural styles in Shintoism shrine buildings in Edo era.

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This paper is a typological analysis of the correlation between the framing system and the spatial composition in Japanese traditional timber houses. Focussing on the adjoining system between core and outer structure, the transfer routes of roof load are classified by criteria: inside or border of room, inside or border of main frame. Analyzing the arrangement of columns supporting the roof frame, three types of supporting system are characterized, such as column supporting, torii supporting, and girder supporting. Considering the tendency to omit columns inside rooms and coexistence of various types of transfer routes, a series of development stage of framing systems are clarified.

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The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the streetscape in the old town of Oumi-hatiman, Shiga, Japan. As a hypothesis, the streetscapes are classified into four categories -'homogeneous', 'diverse of figure', 'diverse of ground', and 'complicated'- based on the concept of 'homogeneity-diversity', and 'figure ・ ground'. The usefulness of these categories was found through a description of characteristics of Oumi-hatiman, which involves both homogeneity and diversity from not only the viewpoint of each building, but streetscape and district. These categories are presented as a new clue to the streetscape control.

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Estimation of the fixed-base dynamic characteristics of buildings using microtremor observation has difficulty when the upper input force, e.g. wind force and pressure on the underground wall, exists. In this study, an effective method for estimating the fixed-base transfer function of the buildings having large horizontal stiffness between soil and foundation is investigated considering the influence of the upper input force as bias errors. Those errors in the estimation depend on the model parameters and the upper input force parameters. For most cases, however, the dominant frequency of the obtained transfer function well approximates the natural frequency of the system without any influence of the upper input force.

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In this paper, it is our aim to show that there were regional differences in the farmhouse-plan of the late Edo Period by a territorry of a Fendal-clan. We primarily pusue the following points : As in the previous paper, we analyze the defference and special in the MAEDOMA farmhouse-plan by a territory of the TANABE, OBAMA, HUKUI-clan

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