The purpose of this study was to acquire historical insights into women’s football in prewar Japan. The study had 2 specific aims: 1) to analyze the origin and development of women’s football in Japan through information gathered at higher educational institutions for women (The Girls’ Higher Normal School, Nara Women’s Higher Normal School, Japan Women’s College, Tokyo Women’s School of Gymnastics and Music) and 2) to analyze the growth of women’s football using information collected at public high schools for girls. To achieve this, the historical records of 422 school were reviewed.
　To address the first question, it was investigated whether instruction and guidance were available at higher educational institutions for women, and whether football was an extra-curricular activity. The data suggested that while football might have been taught both as part of the regular curriculum and as an extra-curricular activity, none of the institutions played a key role in the shift from casual to competitive play or in the growth of football throughout Japan. Analysis of the expansion of football revealed that, of the 286 girls’ public high schools surveyed, 53 offered football; these institutions were broadly distributed from Kyushu to Hokkaido. Evidence of women’s football was confirmed from 1902 to 1940, most instances being in the Taisho era (1912–26), followed by the Meiji era (1868–1912) and the Showa era up to 1945 (1926–45). Football was played mostly during free time and athletic meetings, but it was also sometimes played during class, as a club activity, and during excursions. In some cases, football was played regularly and school competitions were held; however, there were no confirmed examples of inter-school competitions. The involvement of instructors, uniforms, equipment, and rules at the 53 schools was established. The data suggest that instructors, including principals, were involved to some extent, and that football was made more accessible by the provision of appropriate uniforms and equipment. There were mixed results for rules; in some cases, football was played casually with relaxed rules, while in other cases, female students played more competitively and organized association football like their male counterparts.
　This study is significant in being the first attempt to empirically examine the history of women’s football in Japan.

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本研究の目的は,公民科で育成する市民的資質の中核として,生徒が現代社会の倫理的問題に対する自己の価値観を主体的に形成していくことがあるという仮定のもと,これを育成する授業構成とはどのようなものか,またそれに基づくとどのような授業が考えられるかを明らかにすることである。本研究の成果の第1は,市民的資質育成の観点から考えられてきたこれまでの学習理論をふまえ,生徒が自ら価値観を形成していくための,他者との対話を重視した「価値観形成学習」の理論仮説を明らかにした。具体的には,生徒が現代社会の倫理的問題を自らの問題として認識し,それに対する自己の価値観を形成する計画を立て,複数の人物モデル及び他生徒との対話を通して自己の価値観を吟味し修正していくのである。第2は,この理論仮説に基づく教材と授業過程,すなわち授業構成の方法を示した。第3は,この理論仮説と授業構成の方法に基づいて,資本主義の倫理的問題(商品の生産のあり方)とそれに対する人物モデル(スティーブ・ジョブズとビル・ゲイツ)を教材にした「倫理」の単元「ジョブズとゲイツの挑戦-資本主義の倫理的問題を考える-」を開発した。

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