庄においても12世紀初期以前においては他の公郷地域にみられるものと同じく郷戸-房戸の関係の上に郷戸制が形成されていた。郷戸と房戸との数的関係はやはり1郷戸-3房戸であったことが想定できる。在地有力農民は買得その他の方法で弱少郷戸の耕地を集積する一方,ある時期に比較的短期間に弱少郷戸に含まれる房戸吸収が行われていった。その結果は末久名のみは全島にわたる弱少郷戸のもつ耕地の一部とそれに附随する房戸を把握した過大名にのし上っていった。このような形はが公郷から庄園化すると末久名の過大名の体制はそのままの形で把握されて名田方と呼称され,弱少のその他の郷戸の系譜をひく旧名は公田方と呼称された。公田方は規模の点においても適度であったことから永く庄園領主からも把握の単位となって残されたが末久名の方は余りに大現模すぎる点から房戸の系譜をひく公田方の作人を把握の直接的単位とした。しかしながら,古代において行われた房戸吸収の歴史的事実はその後永く存続し,中世塩の生産を通じて商品流通の渦中に投ぜられたにかかわらず過大名末久名の存在は中小名(旧名)による近世的村への自治的村落形成を阻止した。

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  Betafite group mineral, Ti-dominant pyrochlore supergroup mineral, is found from metasomatic skarn distributed into Ryoke metamorphic rocks in Yuge Island of Geiyo Islands in Seto. This mineral generally occurs in alkali granitic pegmatite, but has not been reported in Japan.
  Betafite group mineral from Yuge Island is associated with closely ilmenite, titanite and anatase in fluorite. The empirical formula is (Ca_1.18 Y_0.26 U_0.21 Th_0.11 HREE_0.09 Na_0.06 LREE_0.05)_Σ1.96 (Ti_1.26 Nb_0.59 Ta_0.10 W_0.05)_Σ2.00 (O_6.78 F_0.14)_Σ6.92. This chemical composition is determined to be oxycalciobetafite because of O is dominant Y site and Ca is dominant A site.

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愛媛県にはTh鉱物による放射性ハロを受けた紫色fluorite結晶の集合体が生じた交代性スカルンが稀に認められる(大越・皆川, 2009)。この交代性スカルンよりilmenite、titaniteと密接に共生するoxycalciobetafite[Ca₂Ti₂O₆O]およびkobeite-(Y)[河辺石：Y(Zr,Nb)(Ti,Fe³⁺)₂O₇]が見出された。産oxycalciobetafiteはY+REE成分および□成分(空位)と連続固溶体を形成し、産kobeite-(Y)はzirconoliteと連続固溶体を形成する。本邦からBetafite group鉱物は報告されておらず、kobeite-(Y)のzirconolite共生およびスカルン中からのkobeite-(Y)は初報告である。

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Sea breeze observed at Yuge Island in Seto-uchi and at Matsunaga on Sanyo coast, has some characters as follows.
(a) Sea breeze changes its direction from east to west during the dyatime, and west component increases towards late afternoon.
(b) The change mentioned above is remarkable in summer.
(c) The strongest breeze in a day appears later in summer than in any other season.
(d) The time of breeze starting and the time of the strongest breeze appearance are considerably later at Matsunaga than at Yuge.
(e) The changing range of breeze direction at Matsunaga is not so wide as at Yuge. Sea breeze on the coast of Bisan-seta has following characters.
(a) The breeze direction has two main different components.
(b) During the daytime, the breeze direction changes and east component increases towards late afternoon.
Sea breeze is said to be generated because of the difference of air temperature between on sea and on land. But I think it is fundamentally caused by the sunshine and it may change its direction from east to west according to the movement of sun. Moreover it is influenced by the distribution of land and sea as well as by sun, and changes its direction and strength. Therefore the feature of sea breeze must be explained in connection with the land and sea distribution of each area.

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瀬戸内領家帯に属する愛媛県には,かつて島中南部に石灰石鉱山があり(四国通商産業局,1957),現在では廃山となっている。この鉱山から産出された石灰岩は領家花崗岩による変成作用を受けており,糖晶質大理石となっている。石灰岩にはしばしば暗黒色の団塊が含まれ,Al, Fe, Tiに富みSiに乏しい特徴を持っており,組成的にはラテライトに近似する。このような岩石は現在,捨て石もしくは露頭として確認でき,同様の産状と岩石が瀬戸内領家帯および四国秩父帯ではいくつか見いだされている。過去に,愛媛県,明神島からはカリ(苦土)定永閃石が新鉱物として記載されており(Shimazaki et al., 1984),西尾・皆川(2003)は愛媛県睦月島においても同様の角閃石の産出を報告した。また,近年,岐阜県春日村からNa-typeの苦土定永閃石の産出があり,新鉱物として認定された(Banno et al., 2004)。他にも定永閃石に関連した角閃石がスカルンやアルカリ岩などからいくつか報告されている(e.g. Mogessie et al., 1986; Sawaki, 1989; Sokolova et al., 2000)。しかし,これまで報告された定永閃石グループにおいてTiの卓越は産のものでわずかに認められる程度であり(Ti=0.51),明らかにTi-typeに属する定永閃石グループは認められなかった。われわれは,産角閃石が他地域産に比較してSiに極端に乏しいことに注目し,Siおよび各元素とTiの固溶関係を調べた。その結果,SiとTiに関しては明らかに負の相関が認められ,一部の角閃石はSi=4かつTi=1を端成分に持つ組成領域(Si＜4.5, Ti＞0.5)にプロットされた。その他,Shimazaki et al. (1984)と同様にSi＞4.5かつTi＞0.5の組成領域にプロットされる角閃石も見いだした。これらはすべてMg-rich analogueであり,今回の調査においてFe-rich analogueはでは見いだせなかった。Leak et al.(1997)の角閃石分類によれば,Ti＞0.5の角閃石はTitano-typeに相当するが,Si＜4.5の角閃石については未知である。実験式はそれぞれ,(K_0.79Na_0.20)_Σ0.99Ca_2.05(Mg_0.68Fe²⁺_1.39Ti_0.66Al_0.76Fe³⁺_0.45)_Σ4.94(Si_4.45Al_3.55)_Σ8.00O₂₂(OH_1.80F_0.20)_Σ2.00 および (K_0.76Na_0.23)_Σ0.99Ca_2.04(Mg_1.83Fe²⁺_1.40Ti_0.54Al_0.71Fe³⁺_0.46)_Σ4.94(Si_4.73Al_3.27)_Σ8.00O₂₂(OH_1.70F_0.30)_Σ2.00 である。また,格子定数はSi＜4.5, Ti＞0.5の角閃石でa=9.964(4), b=18.024(8), c=5.369(3)Å, β=105.46(4)°,V=929.4(8)ų ,Si＞4.5, Ti＞0.5の角閃石でa=9.965(4), b=18.015(7), c=5.365(4)Å, β=105.49(3)°,V=928.2(9)ų の結果が得られた。両角閃石の組成幅はわずかであり,格子定数にはその結果が反映されにくい。

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Field observation was carried out twice (each 3 days in September, 1994 and in June, 1995) at Hamato Bay in the Yuge Island, located in the middle part of the Seto Inland Sea, to investigate flow patterns of tidal currents using a 1200KHz ADCP. Results of this survey were summerized as follows ; (1) The tidal currents were roughly found to be barotropic at the surveying lines. (2) The geographic eddies were generated around the point B of the AB surveying line owing to the headland effect. (3) At the time of the ebb, the counter currents were turned clockwise at the inside of the bay, and the off-shore currents were roughly found to be formed at the middle part of the bay. (4) In the flood, the counter current were found to flow anti-clockwise along the coast line of the bay.

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The Tax Ledger of the Northern Customhouse at Hyogo (The Hyogo-no-Kitaseki Nyusen-Nocho 兵庫北関入船納帳) dated Bun'an (文安) 2 (1445), documents contained in the archives of the University of Tokyo Department of Literature (Tokyo Daigaku Bungaku-bu 東京大学文学部) and in the personal historical source collection of Tatsusaburo Hayashiya (林屋辰三郎), are ledgers recording tax income received from ships entering the Northern Customhouse at Hyogo, which was under the proprietorship of the Buddhist tomplex of Todai-ji (東大寺). There is one additional ledger which is well known to have been preserved at Todai-ji itself. As opposed to the former ledgers, which record assessments based on a fixed percentage of total tonnage or total freight value, the Todai-ji ledger records fixed assessments per vessel irregardless of freight tonnage on board. Both of these tax ledgers are documents which follow the precedent set one hundred and forty years earlier, when royal family head Fushimi Joko (伏見上皇) commended to Todai-ji in Enkyo (延慶) 1 (1308) the Hyogo Customhouse management (Hyogo-no-seki Shomai and Okiishi 兵庫関升米・置石) rights, which included the imposition of a freight tax of 1% and donation of Stone for repair of the docking facilities. In other words, the ledgers found at the University of Tokyo and the Hayashiya collection (In former days, these Ledgers remained in the Todai-ji archives) record the imposition of this 1% freight tax, and the ledger handed down within Todai-ji contains assessments (already monetized at the time of commendation) of forty-five mon (文) per vessel to pay for the attainment of repair-use stone. Despite the fact that Todai-ji held proprietary rights to manage the Northern Customhouse at Hyogo for over two hundred years, we have been able to locate only the ledgers of Bun'an 2. The reason for this lack of documentation probably lies in the fact that Todai-ji did not actually manage the customhouse directly, but rather continued to sub-contract the work of tax collection and repair to some entity outside of the temple complex. Records would therefore not tend to accumulate in the temple's archives. However, in the case of the Bun'an 2 ledgers, the sub-contractor handling the customhouse happened to be a monk assigned to the temple's lampoil warehouse (Aburakura 油倉) ; that is, the Hyogo customhouse, had by chance come under direct control of the temple during this particular year. It is in this way that the tax ledgers for that year remained in the Todai-ji archives.

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Kobeiteは京都府旧河辺村白石を原産地とする稀産鉱物である。
Kobeiteはzirconolite-3Tの希土類置換体に当たるとされるが、検討は不十分である。
そこで本研究ではkobeiteの記載鉱物学的再検討を行う。現在までに報告されているkobeiteの化学組成および結晶構造、加えて足摺岬、産kobeiteの化学組成について検討したところ、Kobeite - zirconoliteは連続固溶体を形成しており、kobeiteはzirconolite-3Oの希土類置換体に当たると推定される。

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The bamboo forest area is expanding nationwide, so even here on remote islands like Yugeshima island neglected bamboo forest is a problem. In order to make effective use of bamboo, it is desirable to use cascade such as primary use such as building materials and bamboo pellets, secondary use such as bamboo charcoal, tertiary use as material of reefs. In addition to exploring such usage, we focused on utilizing bamboo as bamboo charcoal in this research and produced a higher weight type thermogravimetric analyzer for evaluating the carbonization process of biomass. We also measured the thermal decomposition characteristics of carbonized bamboo in this process, conducted carbonization experiment, and evaluated bamboo charcoal.

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Trapping surveys of small mammals were made on 15 islands in the Inland Sea and on Shikoku from 11, October 2002 to April 2003. Apodemus speciosus was trapped on Yashirojima, Innoshima, Nakajima, Tajima, Yokosima and Shikoku Islands. Mogera wogura was trapped on Yashirojima Island and some mole tunnels were found on Nakajima I. A. speciosus was found in various habitats, but this species was not found in the orange orchards with bare ground surface.
It was shown that in the Inland Sea A. speciosus was generally found on the islands whose areas are over 13km² and often found on the other smaller islands connected to some of the bigger islands, including Honshu and Shikoku, by artificial bridges. It is suggested that A. speciosus may have dispersed through the bridges.

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