吾々は, 時に見られる心身諸変化の消長を詳細に観察する目的を以つて, 蓮続反応時, 時間錯誤, 膝蓋腱反射閾値, 脈膊恢復曲線, 体温, 血圧, 及び尿竝びに唾液のpHを逐時的に測定した。共の結果,
(1) 体温, 及び尿のpH, は, 漸次下降する傾向にある。唾液は, 尿のpHほど一定の傾向が得られなかつた。
(2) 血圧は, 順時下降し, 特に最小血圧の変動は, 作業時に微妙な関係を有しているようであつた。
(3) 運動負荷に対する, 脈膊数の増加は, 時間の經過につれて減少し, 又恢復時間も延長するようであつた。
(4) 膝蓋健反射閾値の逐時的変化は, 從來発表されている成績と一致した。
(5) 時間錯誤試験では, 午前12時を境にして正の錯誤, 負の錯誤が著明で, その移行は逐時的なものが説察された。
(6) 迚続反応時より見たる時の大腦機能は午前12時頃までは本実験の如き精神負荷では漸次集中過程に入り, それ以向は, 興奮と抑制の強い混在が著明に現われて來るようであつた。翌日に於ける大腦機能では, 從來吾々が実験し得なかつた大腦皮質興奮の異常なものの存在を知つた。

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With popularization of mountain climbing lately, accidents and trouble occur repeatedly throughout the year. We can imagine a conbination of various factors for the cause of these. Fatigue or exhaustion of physical fitness seem to take a large part.
Table 1 shows item and locality of measurements. Table 2 shows comparison of measurements of those lacking in sleep and of those after ample sleep.
The climbing course was from Tanigawadake Doaiguchi to Tenjindaira, the difference in height was 800 meters, distance about 5 Kilo metes (2 hour and 40 minutes) .
Six male subjects were selected from the university mountain climbing club. The research and investigation was conducted at the begining of December but snowdrifts were few. We were favored by magnificent weather.
The summary of result is as follows : This mountain climbing for subjects who had enough sleep, was not burden from the view point of physiological functions. We could hardly find any apparent fatigue and the climbers were cheerful. But we could find weakness of function on flicker test, step test, examination of urine, etc., in the group who lacked sleep. After the mountain climbing they showed a marked decline of function in threshold of pateller reflex and step test. (of Tables 4, 5, Fig. 1)
Their heart rate while climbing increased distinguishably, their recovery at rest time was slow. (Figs. 2, 3) And they seemed not to have enough strength in reserve. Result of subjective fatigue sympton showed in Figure 4 show a large differein sleep nce between these two groups. From these it may be thought that in the group lacking the phenomenon of fatigue is very pronounced.
We found that these variations in physical function are caused not only by climbing, but by lack of sleep.
So to climb mountains without sleep promotes weakness of physical function and fatigue. We can expect that it is easy to have accidents or troubles when environment takes a turn for the worse during unreasonable climbing.

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In order to investigate the influences of all-night playing of mahjong, which is experienced not infrequently in our daily life, on various body functions, especially on the disease resistance of the individuals, 4 volunteers were selected to play mahjong all through the night. During the course, gas metabolism, pulse rates and the values of the dermal current were determined according to the lapse of time. Further, specimens of blood and urine were taken at 1 hour's intervals to determine the timely changes in the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes and in the number of the circulating eosinophil cells. In addition to these, oxydation coefficient determination and Donaggio's test were conducted to obtain roughly the following results.
1) with the usual sleeping hours, the values of the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes are roughly the same in each morning. However, in the case of all-night mahjong playing, the activity gradually diminished towards the dawn showing approximately 45 less value in the following morning compared with that of the usual morning. Approximately 4 hours' sleep in the morning, however, helped the value to recover to a certain extent. A good sleep in the following night recovered the value to almost full extent.
2) The number of circulating eosinophil cells showed almost the same fluctuation during the course as that of the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes.
3) Unlike during the sleeping hours, the oxygen up take and the pulse rate were not found diminished, but the flicker value and the value of the dermal current were found diminishing as the time elapsed. The former showed approximately 13% less value at dawn, at which time the volunteers felt most sleepy, with a gradual recovery thereafter. The latter, however, continued lower values during the whole course.
The lowering in the number of circulating eosinophil cells and the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes were found greater when these functions were maintained greatly in adverse to those during the sleeping hours.
4) In the case of all-night playing of mahjong, Vakat's iodic acid coefficient, which usually shows a gradual increase according to the lapse of time. Moreover, this condition teded unrecovered for 2 or 3 days after one all-night sit up.
5) As stated in the above, in the case of all-night playing of mahjong during the night, when usually the excitability of the cerebrum gradually become lowered by the time lapse and when the vagus tends to high tension, various body functions seem not to show their phenomena under sleep, and the bearing degree observed from the changes in the number of circulating eosinophil cells seemed great; further, extreme lowering in the disease resistance observed from the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes seemed to be noted with enhanced dissimilating metabolism.

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A questien has arisen as to whether or not workers can maintain their health and working efficiency for a long period of time in the case when a specific working system with 3 days cycle comprising of 24 hours work on the 1st day, total rest on the 2nd day and ordinary working hours on the 3rd day is adopted. To answer this question, hourly and daily changes in various physical and mental functions of the workers of a machine factory adopting such working syetem were traced. Roughly the following results were thus obtained.
1. Ordinarily, all night work caused lowering of various physical and mental functions and increase in the fatigue observed from the nutritional phases. In addition, their disease resisting function was usually lowered.
2. Among those various functions seen in the case when this kind of working systemm was adopted, such one as the specific gravity of blood plasma, which demonstrated a kind of habituation and adaptation phenomenon during the latter half of a week was noted. However, most of the fatigue reactions, for example, threshold value of the patellar reflex, Vakat's iodic acid index and mucoprotein discharge, were found clearly increased during the latter half of a week. Moreover, the lowering of the nutritional condition particularly the progress of anemia which was indicated by the daily changes of the hematocrit value, was found to be a matter worth while for a careful consideration in the case when the above working system was continued for a long period of time, though the condition was mild and its major part would be recovered by the rest on Sundays.
3. The fact that, in spite of a remarkable influence of the all night work on the physical and mental functions, any extreme accumulation of fatigue was not noted was presumed to be due to the remarkable effect of the complete rest on the following one day to the recovery from fatigue. Consequently, in the cases where the one day rest was not effectively spent, long term continuation of such working system was considered impossible.

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It is reported that the flicker value shows physiologically a sine curve with 24 hours as a period and this fluctuation is influenced in accordance with the work loads and other factors. (Oshima and others) The author, in order to examine these points, selected nightshift members of car patrol section for studying conditions of physiological fluctuation, and dayshift members of motorcycle policemen for examining the maximum limit of actual working hours as indicated from the disturbance of fluctuation. Total members of the car patrol section were 53 male persons of the age between 25 and 35 years while the motorcycle policemen were in all 70 male persons of the age between 23 and 28 years. The former examination was conducted in May and the later in November. The results obtained could be summarized as follows. 1. In the case of car patrol section members, no remarkable distrubance on the physiological fluctuation of the flicker value was observed. 2. In the case of motorcycle policemen, both daily and weekly flicker values showed a heavy decrease. 3. In order to avoid such disturbances it is recommended that the actual working hours of the motorcycle policemen should be restricted to 3 hours and 18 minutes in a day.

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甲府高校生徒24時間強歩に際して, 21人の被検者及び6名の實験者に就いて白血球百分比の變化を観察した。
1) 強度の運動負荷により, 白血球百分比に於て好酸球の減少が著明に認められた。
2) 相當の精神負荷と考えられたの實験者の血液像では, 好酸球の減少, 好中球桿状核細胞及び單球の増加が認められたが, その程度は運動負荷に比して輕度で且つ経過にも稍異る所がある。
以上により白血球百分比の算定は可なり強い肉體的負荷の場合, その程度の判定に有用な檢査法と思われる.

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Investigations on sick absence was carried out on a nation-wide scale by the committee appointed for this purpose of the Japan Association of Industrial Health, as a part of which the present studies were conducted with special attention to the locality of Hokkaido. The survey covered 4, 329 employees of two factories, four mines and one transportation company for a period of four months, from June to September of 1964 as the summer season of Hokkaido. The emphasis was laid on the relationship between sick absence and the type of work shift, sickness of occupational or private nature, frequent absence and classification of diseases, excluding absence due to other than diseases or injuries and of longer duration than 180 days. On the basis mentioned above the following points were discussed: (1) incidence rate per 100 persons, (2) average duration of absence per person under observation (disability rate), (3) average duration of absence per case (severity rate), and (4) the relation between the incidence rate and number of days elapsed from holiday to absence. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Night-shift or over-night work showed a tendency of higher incidence rate, which will be one of important keys to health administration. 2) The average duration of absence per person was about 4 days in mines, which is almost the same as shown in the report on sick absence by Enterline (U.S.A., 1964). 3) Concerning the occupational nature of sick absence, a high incidence rate was observed in mines, especially in underground work. In addition, the fact that the average duration of absence per case in mines was rather long (about 20 days) should be taken into consideration in relation to safety management. 4) Regardless of the type of the industry, the highest incidence rate was seen on the first day after a holiday.

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