本研究では，陸域推定のための基礎的検討として，公開されているデータセットを用いて，日本域のの変動特性を検討した．その結果，季節毎に大きく異なり，年変動があることがわかった．今後は，陸面過程モデルと推定モデルを組み合わせて，の推定を行い，その傾向を検討する予定である．

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A far-infrared camera is thought to be well suited to detection of pedestrians at night. However, around sunset time during the summer, because the temperature difference between pedestrians and background objects becomes small, it is difficult to distinguish pedestrians with the far-infrared camera. To solve this problem, we propose a new contrast control method that is varying of the image sensor temperature. By means of increasing the image sensor temperature from 25 to 50°C the contrast between road and clothes, and sky and clothes increased about 1.54 and 1.64 times, respectively. The contrast between sky and skin increased about 1.55 times, but that between the road and skin did not increase. Because the emissivities of these objects were similar. The contrast control method is effective to detect objects with relatively large differences in emissivity at just about the same temperature.

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There are two problems to be solved for this study; first of all, emissivity change of a steel sheet caused by oxidation, and secondly background radiation noise filled in a furnace. In order to overcome these problems, we have achieved the following two methods. The one is the use of polarized radiances for emissivity compensation. This method enables to measure both emissivity and temperature of the object. The other is the installation of a pseudo-blackbody radiator into the furnace, which enables to remove background radiation noise filled in the furnace and to supply constant reference to a radiometer.
The measurements of emissivity and temperature have been achieved within the errors of 12% and 0.96%, respectively for stainless steel at the temperature range of 1300K. By installing the pseudo-blackbody into the furnace, background noise equivalent temperature error has been suppressed within 4K.

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薄型軽量ノートPCなどの自然冷却方式の電子機器において、筺体などの放熱部品に高皮膜を形成し、伝熱量の増加による機器内部及び筺体の冷却を試みた。特に高皮膜は、機器内部及び筺体の温度分布が平滑化するように、低面との組み合わせを考慮したパターンの形成を目指した。本稿では、簡易モデルによる熱解析結果を中心に、高皮膜の冷却効果について報告する。

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本研究ではの同時多点計測手法を開発するとともに母材及び溶接ビードのの計測を行った．従来の手法では熱電対等を用いることやヒーター等により対象を加熱しているため，一度の計測での計測点数が少なく，複数の温度での計測を一度に行うことが困難であった．そこで，黒体塗料とアークプラズマを組み合わせた新たな手法の開発を行い，母材及び溶接ビードのの温度依存性を明らかにした．

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In infrared thermographic tests, background reflection from the sun or neighboring structures is one of the serious problems that lead to false detection of flaws. Generally, the background reflection appears as a hot spot on the thermal image, and can lead to faults during inspection. To avoid this, the background reflection must be removed from the thermal image. Metals, owing to their high reflectivity, are especially susceptible to background reflection during conventional infrared thermographic tests. In this study, the authors have developed a blackbody film made of polyvinyl alcohol that has a high emissivity in the infrared range and a high transmissivity in the visible range. At first, the authors measured the spectral emissivity of the film by using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. A measuring equation was proposed for the film that has high emissivity and low transmissivity. Further, the measurements revealed that: a higher degree of saponification leads to higher emissivity; it has a sufficiently high emissivity; and a long infrared range. Next, the authors carried out infrared thermographic tests on a stainless steel plate having background reflection. The results show that the film is effective as a material with low emissivity.

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本研究では、 低質炭を燃料とする火力発電所のボイラ壁付着物層とその主要な成分化合物の熱ふく射性質を実験的に調べ、 火炉内伝熱の評価のための基礎資料を得る。 全ふく射測定器を試作して570-1270Kの温度域での全を測定し、 つぎの諸点を明らかにする: 付着物層はふく射の拡散放射体であり、 1mm以上の厚さの層はふく射の不透明体であると見なせる。 その全は0.5-0.9の程度である。 全は温度の増加とともに減少する。 付着物の粉体層は1000K以上に加熱されると焼結され、 その際全には、 明瞭な履歴特性が現れる。 焼結された層の全は高い。

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The ball-void slab (B. V. S.) is a slab with the spherical void. Vibration measurements with the discrete calculation method on the floor impact sound insulation performance of ball-void slab were carried out. Four specimens of the full-scale section model were measured. One specimen was the ordinary solid slab and the other three specimens were void slab. The void was used rectangular type (one specimen) and sphere type (two specimens of 200mm and 240mm in void pitch). Through this study, it has been revealed that the ball-void slab has advantageous features on the floor impact sound insulation performance with increased void ratio of the slab.

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We have previously proposed a multiple-reflection method to determine the true temperature and emissivity simultaneously, employing a half-mirror to induce the multiple-reflection.
In this paper, a multi-color type of the method is proposed.
This type reduces the error caused by an incomplete multiple-reflection when the distance between half-mirror and the surface is unnegligibly large in comparison with the sizes of them.
The effect of this type is empirically confirmed for the samples with emissivities ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and temperatures ranged from 300°C to 400°C. The error in the estimation is reduced to smaller than 10°C.
The condition related to the number of solutions are analyzed for two-color type. The stability in the estimation is also analyzed and we clarify that it becomes better when the ratio of (wavelength×reflectance⁄emissivity)'s between two colors is more different from unit.

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A measurement method of sound radiation efficiency (the discrete calculation method) was newly developed and it was confirmed to be useful one. In this paper, measurement results of sound radiation efficiency using this method on diverse vibrating objects, flat boards, ribbed plates, variable thickness plates and so on, are shown. In addition, the followings on the sound radiation characteristics are revealed as results of the present work. That is, the sound radiation efficiency may considerably change by the exciting method. The sound radiation characteristics can be evaluated due to vibration modal shapes and the coincidence frequency. The discrete calculation method is a high precision measurement method on the sound radiation.

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伝熱解析には,伝導・対流・ふく射に関わる熱物性値が必須である.中でもふく射は高温において寄与が大きくなり,その解析にはが必須の値となる.しかしながら,溶融金属のは,十分に整備されていない.本論文では,溶融金属のについて近年の測定事例を中心に紹介する.

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　透過、散乱性を有するセラミックスのを直接測定することは技術的に難しいことが知られている。よって、多結晶アルミナにおける過去の測定値には大きなばらつきが見られ、アルミナの組成と近赤外域におけるとの関係を系統的かつ定量的に調べる大きな障壁となっている。本研究では、１～５μｍの波長領域において、試料の均一加熱および精密な温度制御を実現する直接測定装置を製作し、1000℃程度における純度の異なる多結晶アルミナの垂直を測定した。

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本研究は，太陽集光を利用して吸着体を再生する吸着除加湿装置の設計に有用な数値解析モデルの開発を目的としている．本吸着体の再生には光の吸収・放射現象がともなうので，熱物質移動のモデル化にはや吸収率が必要となる．そこで，JIS規格に基づく赤外線測定装置を作成し，周囲空気の湿度や吸着体の温度をいくつか与え吸着体の水分吸着量を変化させてを測定するとともに，に及ぼすこれらの影響を検討した．

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　Since typical interior materials have high-emissivity surface of about 0.9, far-infrared generated from radiant heater is absorbed once in interior walls and then reradiated infrared from the warmed walls reaches human body surfaces. In the case of low-emissivity (low-E) interior surface of about 0.1, generated far-infrared is reflected at interior wall surface and reaches human body surfaces without warming processes of walls. Thus, it is expected that human body feels warmth quickly and/or heating load can reduce owing to the decrease in set temperature by forming the room covered with low-E materials. Therefore, we studied effects of the low-E interior surface material on interior thermal environment using radiant heating by comparing two real-size experimental rooms with the same thermal insulation: one is covered with a low-E material, aluminum foil (Low-E room), and the other is covered with a normal interior material (Std-E room).

　When warm up the rooms using electrically heated carpet as radiant heating equipment, the globe and air temperatures of the Low-E room increased rapidly and showed about 0.8℃ higher temperatures than those of Std-room in 30 min. The radiant temperatures of the wall and ceiling of Low-E room increased immediately with the increase in the temperature of the carpet by turning on, while slow increase in those of Std-E room. Thus, the increase in globe and in air temperatures of the Low-E room may be because the whole Low-E surface, except for floor, of the room become pseudo radiant heating surface.

　In this study we used aluminum foil as low-E materials. However, this material is not suitable for interior due to high specular reflection. Therefore, novel materials with low specular reflection in the visible range and low emissivity in the far -infrared range are also developing at present.

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鏡面Ni 基板上に，0.5×0.5×0.5μm³の立方空洞（マイクロキャビティ）を周期的に製作した表面の垂直単色を測定した．最大を示す波長は0.86-0.88μm であり，そのマイクロキャビティの空洞共振理論値（0.894μm）にきわめて近い．また，その波長におけるは0.95 と高く，このマイクロキャビティのカットオフ波長である1.0μm から波長が長くなるにつれて急激に減少し，波長1.7μm 以上では，Ni 鏡面のに等しくなることが明らかとなった．

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グラフェンの

は波長に依存せず2.3%と単調である。本研究ではグラフェンのに波長依存性を持たせるため、1.44nm周期の擬一次元周期ポテンシャルを持つHex-Au(001)再構成構造上にグラフェンを作製した。角度分解光電子分光法の結果はグラフェンのバンド構造の変調を示した。試料の熱放射光を光学顕微分光観察しHex-Au(001)再構成構造によるグラフェンのの減少を見出した。

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A new method for measurement of diffuse property of a rough surface in the thermal infrared is proposed. This method is based on the fact that the spatial distribution of sensitivity in the field of view of a radiometer is broadened by reflection on the rough surface. In the present method, the diffuse property is measured as a spatial transfer function which describes the change of sensitivity distribution between before and after the reflection. The transfer function is independent of the size of the field of view of an actual radiometer and the lack of uniformity of sensitivity distribution in it.
In this paper, we discuss the algorithm for reconstruction of the spatial distribution of sensitivity and for estimation of the spatial transfer function. A mathematical model for description of diffuse property and measured diffuse property of some objects are also shown.

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レーザ溶接中の溶融池の温度分布をリアルタイムにAI判定し、レーザ出力をフィードバック制御するシステムを試作した。本システムを鋼の重ね溶接に適用し、AIが自動でレーザ出力を制御して貫通溶接を維持することを確認したので報告する。

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Emissivity of a metal is fairly low in general. Due to an oxidation film formed on the metal surface, however, its emissivity changes rapidly, and large errors in the temperature measurement can be caused. This is a serious problem for the radiation thermometry of metals. In order to eliminate the error due to surface conditions of the targets, the authors propose a new method based on their findings that the apparent emissivity of a metal surface depends on the direction from which the target is looked at. This means that the radiance of the target does not obey Lambert law. The proposed method uses the ratio of radiance measurements taken at two different angles to compensate the emissivity or the emissivity ratio. This method is promising for the in-line use at metal manufacturing processes such as steels or aluminums.

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