Theoretical design formulas for the gas discharge lamp L-C series ballast were reported in the last issue of this journal.
This paper reports on the use of these formulas and an economical L-C series ballast design method. Results are as follows:
(1) Difference between theoretical value and experimental value of a design constant is under about three percent.
(2) By making the supplied voltage (V_S) as close as possible to the lamp voltage (V_L), an economical circuit design can be made. For example, upper limit V_L/V_S value of a high output fl uorescent lamp FLR110H L-C series ballast is about 1.1.
(3) By selecting a value of K=1/ωC/ωL, an economical circuit design can be made. The ballast manufacturing electrical characteristic variation causing capacitor (C) deviation is small.
These theoretical design formulas will be very useful for the L-C series ballast design and especially for the design of the L-C series circuit with high voltage pulse starting semiconductor means in order to reduce ballast size.ω is angular frequency of the supplied voltage.

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液晶、半導体,プリント基板等のパターン露光工程において、光源として使用されている超高圧水銀は、作動時の内圧が一般に、1.0MPa以上とかなり高い事が知られている。上記が点灯中もしくは消灯直後等の内圧が高い状態で破壊した場合、の周辺に配置されているミラー、レンズ等の光学部品を損傷し、これらの修繕に於いては多大な時間および費用が必要になることが推測される.以上の背景から、経験的に破壊発生起点となる場合が圧倒的に多い上記の封止部に関し、静水圧による破壊試験を行い、耐内圧性と破壊挙動を調べた。また、封止部の内圧作用時における応力分布を有限要素法によって計算し,破壊原因を考察した。静水圧による破壊試験の結果として、破壊した試験片の形状と破壊内圧の間に相関性があると考えられるデータが得られており、破壊時に生じたクラックの角度と破壊内圧の関係は線形性を持つ可能性が指摘できた。計算結果として。3.0MPa一定の内圧下において封止部の導電箔とガラス間の密着していない部分が大きい程、発生する最大主応力とその角度が大きくなり、耐内圧性が低くなるという傾向が予測できた。

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Super high pressure mercury discharge lamps have been used as a UV and visible light sources for photolithography exposure process, such as patterning LCDs, PCBs and semiconductors. This study examines their rupture characteristics and discuss a guideline for designing a part of lamp between the end of bulb and the end of the sealed part under internal pressure. Finite-Element method (FEM) was employed to investigate the maximum principal stress σ₁ distribution near the end of the sealed part. Furthermore, static water pressure tests were conducted to examine the strength characteristic of the bulbs. As the results, the rupture characteristics near the end of the sealed parts can be elucidated and the guideline for designing the end of the sealed parts were drawn up. Moreover, the relationships among the rupture pressure and the outer diameter D₂ of the glass parts in the sealed parts and the length L₁ near the end of the sealed parts were obtained for increasing the bulb strength. It was found that the strength near the end of the bulb was increased as the diameter D₂ was decreased and the length L₁ was increased. The rupture characteristics obtained by the numerical results were in fairly good agreements with those by the experiments.

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各種の放電獲光現象に就て述べ, 其特色虹に用途に就き更に詳述した.

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Super high-pressure mercury discharge lamps have been used as the light source for photolithography exposure process. In general, they are used in manufacturing Liquid crystal displays (LCDs), Printed circuit boards (PCBs), semiconductors and other devices. Their working internal pressure is well known to be normally more than 1.0 MPa, and their temperature at the bulb outer is more than 500 °C. Therefore, they are required to be secured for rupture, because they are subjected to internal pressure, thermal loadings, and so on in their services. Furthermore, rupture may occur from the sealed parts in the lamps under the loadings mentioned above. Thus, the mechanical characteristics of the sealed parts need to be examined. The objectives of the paper were to examine the safety for rupture from their sealed parts of the working lamps under internal pressure and thermal loadings by the experiments and FEM stress calculations. Rupture tests of lamps were carried out under repeated static water pressure. In addition, experiments were done under thermal loadings. The following results were obtained. 1) It was found that the effect of repeated loadings such as internal pressure and thermal loadings were substantial on the strength of the sealed parts in the lamps. 2) Fractures of the sealed parts were observed to be initiated from the interfaces where silica glass and molybdenum foil were joined. 3) From the FEM stress calculations, it was found that the strength of sealed parts was greater in operation than at room temperature. 4) Finally, the authors proposed the limited desirable pressure and temperature for safety design of lamps.

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カタホレシス現象の発見は古く1934年にさかのぼるが, その応用は全くといって良い程かえりみられていなかった.
この現象の発見にともなってカタホレシスが, M. J. Druyvesteyn氏によって提案された. 筆者はこの放電管が, 温度表示灯としての応用価を有し, さらに多色発光としての実用価値のあることを提案し. このの発光色が多色であり, かつこの発光帯の伸び, 管壁温度および管電流によって容易に伸縮し, これが電流および管壁温度の関数であることを認めた.
この発光帯の境界は封入される希ガスの性質によって異なり, さらにPoissoner Currentによる境界の性質および磁界によるカタホレシスの各発光帯の不連続集束も論述する.

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Super-high-pressure mercury discharge lamps have been used as UV light sources in the photolithography exposure process. It is well known that these lamps applied internal pressure is more than 1MPa and the outer bulb temperatures reach over 500°C. Thus, the safety for rupture of the lamps has been a very important issues in their design. In this study, the effects of the following two factors on the rupture characteristics of the sealed parts were investigated experimentally, (1) joule heating in the current operation, (2) heat conduction from the discharge. In addition, the finite element calculation (FEM) was carried out to investigate the stress distribution in the sealed parts. The experimental results showed that the rupture occurred in the cooling process when the maximum temperature of the sealed parts was more than 1200°C. The numerical results showed that the maximum value of the maximum principal stress σ₁ occurred near the point where a rupture initiated in the experiments. In addition, the experimental results were in fairly good agreements with the FEM results. The authors proposed that the maximum temperature of the sealed parts should be less than 1000°C during operation to prevent the lamp rupture.

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