Social and spatial issues during the transitional period from the early modern period to the modern period in Atami where ideas of public, common and private interplayed will be discussed through [I] changes of a controlling system of hot spring resources and [II] a process of development of hot spring resources and lands in this report. A process of disorganization of traditional societies or a spatial configuration and an establishment of a modern suburban city were described.
 In order to discuss on above mentioned issues, this study focused on following topics: [i] disorganization of a society and its customs of traditional communities managing hot spring resources, [ii] a controlling policy of Atami and Shizuoka prefecture government on hot spring resources in the Meiji period, [iii] a shift of rights of hot springs from owners in the local community to the national authority and [iv] owning hot spring resources or rights to use them handled by people outside the community and a developing process of real estate developments as villas or residential lots.
 Throughout above mentioned topics, an urban history of Atami where became a city before the WWII due to an inflation in number of travelers and citizens in accordance with a process of subdivisions and private owning of so to speak ground-origin-resources, such as hot springs and lands, will be clarified.
 There was no distinction between a right of using “oh-yu” hot springs which was called “yu-kabu” and a right of running hotels during the early modern period. In addition, such rights were linked with specific parcels. Such connections between rights, business and land or space were untied after the Meiji Restoration. Since “oh-yu” was not a private property, it became under control of the Department of the Imperial Household. Although the local community kept the rights of using hot resources “yu-kabu” by virtue of their political movements even after the government started controlling the land, a traditional relationship between the business and “yu-kabu” was lost at the moment. The right thereafter starts belonging to not only to the Department but also to aristocrats and some representative businessmen of Japan. Nevertheless, there was no big change in a way of managing hot spring resources even though its owners have changed. Many cases that the local society or communities still lead controlling “yu-kabu” and hot spring resources were found during the Meiji period.
 However, such a new local system of controlling hot springs was overtaken by a modern idea of private ownership of real estate. Developments near around “oh-yu” turning land into private estates kept proceeding. Developments of villas and hot spring resource developments inside each lot which threatens the local common management system resulted in depletion of hot spring water at the end of the Taisho period. Furthermore, developments of land and hot springs still kept growing after the beginning of the Meiji period exploding to the fringe of the old city towards a completion of huge infrastructures connecting the local society and the external society such as the Tanna tunnel. The development however sprawled outside of the restricted district around “oh-yu” during the Meiji period by a local society. This was because the district was returned to a local government and served for the public benefit.

抄録全体を表示