In this paper the movement for autonomy in East Pakistan will be examined with particular attention to the role of the Awami League (1949-1971). Based on that examination, this paper will also examine the factors responsible for the movement from autonomy to secession.
Based on the old concept of the nation, autonomous groups within the nation were regarded as subordinate to the nation. But it is often the case that the individual autonomous groups relate to the respective nation not as a subordinate, but as an equal.
Much research focuses on the existence of a common language and religion as the factors which act as the adhensive of any autonomous group. Based on that, they point out that those struggling for autonomy be conscious of their exploitation and oppression by other groups.
However, even groups which recognize the crisis of their identity do not always relate with their countries as equals, and do not always begin a movement for autonomy. Furthermore, even if a movement to autonomy were to change to a movement for secession, that group would not necessarily gain independent statehood. There are many cases in which emergent countries face a movement to secession but there are not so many examples of success.
Taking to the above into consideration, especially focusing on the relation between the movement for autonomy and the movement for secession, the following question will occur; Is the nature of the movement for autonomy different from the nature of the movement for secession? And what are the factors which cause an autonomy movement to become a secessionist movement?
In the case of Pakistan, the groups which tried to gain autonomy became one unit and the autonomy movement became a secessionist movement. That is why examing the transition of the secessionist movement in East Pakistan may suggest an answer to this question.
抄録全体を表示