学生達のやる気は、研究室も変えるし彼らの将来も左右する。自分が「言われたことはしたくない」ので、学生にも「これをやれ、こうしろ」とは言いたくない。そんな訳で、自ら立ち上げた研究室は「良くても悪くても、日本で一番自由な有機化学の研究室」との評である。多くの志士を見出した“そうせい侯”よろしく、学生の提案に肯くばかりの“そうしな教授”が理想だが、中々そうもいかない。

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吉田松陰における「生」の意義、また、松陰がどのような「死」を理想と認識していたかを 論考した。 　その結果、松陰における「生」の意義は、「義」の実践にこそある。これは『孟子』を中心と する古代中国の経書より学んだ。また、志士的活動に失敗を重ね、教育的活動に目を向けざる を得なかった松陰には、政治的活動に失敗を重ね、教育的成功を収めた孟子は、「憧憬」の対象 にまで高められた。また、吾が国の先哲では楠木正成を理想として、それは、「同一化」のレベ ルにまで意識された。 　一方、「義」の実践の結果、迎えるであろう「死」に関し、松陰が理想としたのは、これまで の研究で、是とされてきた「従容の死」ではなく、「慷慨の死」である。これは『靖献遺言』に ある謝枋得の漢詩からの造語と思われる。松陰の言葉でいえば、「従容の死」＝「苦死」、「慷慨 の死」＝「甘死」であること等を解明した。

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江戸時代の毛利藩における医学教育は，本藩と４つの支藩において独自の展開をみせた．また，長崎との距離や交通の要衝下関の存在は，防長二州（周防，長門）における西洋医学の受け入れを助けたと考えられる．歴史的には徳山藩における医学館および四熊家の私塾見学堂が古く，天保年間に萩本藩に開設された好生館（堂）は，漢方と蘭方の優秀な教授陣による医学教育機関であった．明治に入ってから赤間関（下関）と三田尻（防府）における医学校開設や独自の医術試験施行など，新たな機運が盛り上がったが，それらは比較的短命に終わり，本格的医学教育は第２次大戦中宇部に創設された山口県立医学専門学校により再開された．

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Yamaguchi and Sumpu which newly became capitals of “Han” in the middle of the 19 th century had peculiar characteristics in their town-area formation.
Firstly their castles had been turned into administrative offices and had lost their military significance. “Samurai Yashiki” existed in fact, but “Samurai Machi” had not been set up yet. It was a residental quarter for scattered bureaucratic retainers. “Machiya” had lost their privileged township characteristics. “Machiya” had been abolished and the phenomenon of confining a special trade to a special section had ceased to exist, so that business in general had been diffused all over the town. A new centrall street had taken the place of the old business center, and the core of the town had moved to the centrall street from the castle.
In short, this new capital was by no means a castle-town, and the writer of this article calls this new capital “Hanto” and considers this phase the last stage of a feudal castle and the forerunner of a modern city.

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Taizo Masaki, the first president of Tokyo Shokko Gakko (Tokyo Industrial School), is most prominently mentioned in “Yoshida Torajiro”, a short story by Robert Louis Stevenson. From 1876 to 1881, Masaki was in Great Britain supervising Japanese students. In the summer of 1878, he met Stevenson at Edinburgh, and told him about the Japanese anti-Shogunate revolutionary Shoin Yoshida, who was Masaki's teacher when he was a young boy. It is not clear, however, what precisely Masaki's main work in Britain involved. In this article, his history and achievements there will be described.
Masaki was born on October 24, 1846 as the third son of Jiemon Masaki, a high ranking samurai in Choshu. Choshu was a hotbed or revolutionary activity against the centralized federal Shogunate regime, and many of his family were likewise revolutionaries, later assuming a number of important roles in the Meiji Revolution. Furthermore, there were many great revolutionaries and statesmen around him including Kaoru Inoue, Takayoshi Kido and Saneomi Hirosawa. Thus, the formation of Masaki's character doubtlessly was affected by them. When he was about thirteen years old, he attended Yoshida's private school, Shokason-Juku. He became the page of Motonori Mori, the Prince of the Daimyo Lord of Choshu. The Daimyo was cut off from the progressive camp, and so Masaki acted as his mesenger.
After the Meiji Revolution of 1871, Masaki was dispatched to Great Britain to study modern mintage technology. In fact, however, he studied chemistry at University College in London. At this time, he met R. W. Atkinson and invited him to go to Japan as a professor of Tokyo Kaisei Gakko. In 1874, Masaki returned to Japan with Atkinson, and worked as an assistant professor for Atkinson for about two years at Tokyo Kaisei Gakko. He taught basic chemistry, including analytical chemistry and chemical experimentation. He was the first Japanese to teach modern Western chemistry in a Japanese university.
In June, 1878, Masaki went to Great Britain again as the supervisor of new students newly selected for study abroad from Tokyo Kaisei Gakko, and stayed there for 5 years. In 1881, he came back from Britain, and became the first president of Tokyo Shokko Gakko (presently Tokyo Institute of Technology). For nine years, he worked earnestly to establish the first Western-style industrial school in Japan. In 1890, Masaki was transferred to the Foreign Office, and went to Honolulu as the consul general of Hawaii. But his life in Hawaii was not long. He returned to Japan in December 1892, and retired from public service for reasons of his health, and he died on April 5, 1896.
Masaki's main accomplishment in Britain can be classified in terms of three categories. First, he took care of the Japanese students in Europe. We can read his annual reports from Britain, which describe the activities of his students. Secondly, he was able to find good teachers for new schools or universities in Japan. One of these was famous physicist Sir J. A. Ewing. In Edinburgh, along with Ewing, he also met Stevenson. It was during this time, that he gave Stevenson his account of his teacher Shoin Yoshida. Thirdly, he conducted research in the area of modern education in Europe. He worte many articles in Japanese educational journals, including translated articles or lectures and his own reports of experience in Great Britain.
Taizo Masaki's achievements in Great Britain were important to education, particularly industrial education in early Meiji Era.

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Hyomotsu products were a very important export of the Nagasaki Trade to the Modern age Ch'ing dynasty (China). In China the demand for them was very great because they were first-class food articles and were imported from Japan, southeast Asia and the south pacific. Hyomotsu means commodities packed in straw bags; and among the main items are dried sea cucumbers, abalones, shark fins.
Recently, some investigators have studied the production and circulation of Hyomotsu products of these areas. Collecting system of Hyomotsu by local feudal government was the center of historians' interest. But the organization and system of products remained to be studied. This is the present writer's second paper on this title. In the previous paper major periods of trading system were discussed; the monopolistic contract by Nagasaki merchants (1774∼1784), the direct purchase by Nagasaki Hyomotsu Products Office, the branch office of Shogunate (1785∼1806) and purchase by Hans government office (1807∼1865).
In this connection, attention is focused upon how Hyomotsu were collected by fishers in a small island named Sago and monopolized under the feudal system; a developed system of fishery by the feudal ruler, the change in economic status of the people engaged in collecting sea products, etc.
Subsistence crops (rice, sweet potatoes and some other coarse cereals) were cultivated in the island, but their products were not sufficient to feed the local people. In order to cover the expense for transported food and other expenditure, people pursued cottage industry and fishing. The cottage industry-cotton weaving-played the most important part in the commercial products of this island and fishing ranked second.
Sardines, sea cucumbers, gray mullets, saurels and snappers were among the main sea products. In view of production, sea cucumbers ranked next to sardines which were most commonly used for fertilizer. However, sea cucumbers were beyond comparison with other sea products in view of commodities; sea cucumbers were collected by a special organization and transported as far as China.
Sea cucumbers were gathered by fishers on boats. With the passage of time, this work was left to the poorer fishers only. This is the reflection of change in advance system of loan; previously fishers could operate their collection of sea cucumbers with an advanced loan but they degenerated to wage labours employed by a local subcontractor. This caused a 20% decrease in the production from 1770 to 1821.

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