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  • 岸本 幸臣
    家政学原論部会会報
    1992年 26 巻 19-24
    発行日: 1992/05/30
    公開日: 2017/10/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 野宿者差別の構造をめぐって
    青木 秀男
    ソシオロジ
    1984年 29 巻 2 号 1-25,161
    発行日: 1984/09/30
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    ジャーナル フリー
     This paper aims to discuss the following thema of the homelessmen, : the first, to analyse the subgroups within the homelessmen, the processes of their social formation, and their ways of existance. The second, to define the homelessmen as an urban minority group. The third, to analyse their meanings to surrounding world and their culture. The data used here were extracted from questionaire researches by the Yoseba's labor movement leaders in four big cities, : Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, and Osaka.
     The homelessmen consist of the day-laborers, the social deprived men, and the illegal professionals. They are discriminated against in various manifest forms because of their “idle”, “dirty”, and “drifting” life styles. They are an urban minority group, which is discriminated against most severely among the various minority groups. They are the scape-goats in the urban environment. They live in two conflicting worlds which are produced from their objective life situations. On the one hand they live in the world of misery. On the other hand they live in the world of pride in consequence of resistance to their unhappy situations. Therefore they create their own perspectives and culture which are formed of two parts, : the subculture which corresponds to the misery, and the counter-culture which corresponds to the pride. They are drifting between these cultures.
     There are many theoretical problems which further should be discussed on the homelessmen. I could depict the only outline of their life world. But I believe I could upset some popular prejudiced understandings about the homelessmen.
  • 「道頓堀野宿者殺人事件」を事例として
    狩谷 あゆみ
    社会学評論
    1998年 49 巻 1 号 97-109
    発行日: 1998/06/30
    公開日: 2009/10/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    本稿の目的は, 1995年に起きた「道頓堀野宿者殺人事件」に関する法廷において, 被告の犯行動機の構成と, 被害者のカテゴリー化とがなされていく相互作用のプロセスを明らかにすることである。法廷において, 犯行動機の構成と被害者のカテゴリー化とは, 一方の構成が他方の構成を促すという形で相互に並行して進められていく。
    本事件は, 被害者が「浮浪者/ホームレス」であることを前提として進められた点にその特徴を持つ。法廷においては, このカテゴリーにそなわった両義牲 (逸脱者/弱者) が, 検察, 弁護双方による犯行動機の構成戦略として用いられた。
    犯行動機を構成していくプロセスで争点となっていたのは, 被告自身が「かねてから浮浪者/ホームレスに嫌悪感を抱いていた」という点である。被告の犯行動機は, 「被害者を川へ投げ込んだ」という行為からではなく, 被告自身の「いじめられた経験」, 被告が日頃から抱いていた「浮浪者/ホームレスに対する苛立ち」, 被告が日頃から行っていた「浮浪者/ホームレスに対するいじめ」から引き出され, 構成されていった。同時に, 被害者は「浮浪者/ホームレス」であることを前提に, 「無抵抗な弱者」として一般化され, カテゴリー化されていった。
  • ─心霊主義、スペクトラル音楽と『ダロウェイ夫人』
    小室 龍之介
    ヴァージニア・ウルフ研究
    2016年 33 巻 99-110
    発行日: 2016年
    公開日: 2017/04/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 福岡県嘉麻市銭代坊地区を事例として
    *中山 英光
    日本地理学会発表要旨集
    2017年 2017s 巻 620
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/05/03
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    1. 研究目的と対象地域
     本研究で対象とする福岡県嘉麻市銭代坊地区は、日本有数の産炭地域として、戦前戦後の日本の資本主義を牽引してきた地域である。産炭地域に存在した多くの炭住が消失するなかで、遠賀川水系の支流に沿って形成された小丘陵地には、銭代坊地区(463世帯)を始めとする大手中央財閥であった旧三井山野鉱によって形成された国内有数の炭住コミュニティが残存している。本稿では、炭鉱閉山から半世紀近くが経過した現在も、炭住コミュニティに住み続けることに積極的な意味を見出している炭鉱離職者の残留プロセスと定住要因について、ライフヒストリー的手法を援用して分析を行い、炭住コミュニティがこれまで維持されてきた要因を検討する。さらに、炭鉱離職者の築く近隣での社会関係の性格を明らかにすることにより、炭住コミュニティが抱える諸課題について考察する。
    2. 研究方法
     本稿では、質的データを重視する立場から、炭鉱離職者世帯に協力を依頼し、22世帯の炭鉱離職者本人に対する聴き取り調査をもとにライフヒストリーを分析した。この手法を用いた理由は、炭住コミュニティが維持されてきた要因分析には、炭鉱離職者一人ひとりが生きてきたこれまでの人生や過去の経験を描くことが有効だと考えたからである。聴き取り調査は2016年8月・10月に2度訪問面接を実施し、一部の世帯については、11月に補足調査を行った。さらに炭住コミュニティの生活空間を把握するために、銭代坊地区102世帯に対してアンケート調査を実施した。
    3. 調査結果
     炭鉱離職者のライフヒストリーを分析した結果、炭鉱閉山までの過程で、幼少期のころから炭鉱マンである父親の転職により「炭鉱」から「炭鉱」を渡り歩くなど、不安定な生活環境のもとで成長し、成人してからは、父親と同じ炭鉱マンとして働き、家族を支えてきた人たちであることが確認できた。坑内での掘進作業は過酷であり、地底で常に死と隣り合わせの労働を共有してきた者同士の強い絆に支えられた共同意識が、周囲に親類がなく、同じ境遇にあった仲間を支えあうという相互扶助的な意識が機能していたことが明らかになった。
     残留離職者家族の再就職先については、類型化して分析を試みた。「炭鉱関連」では、三井有明鉱(福岡県みやま市)、池島炭鉱(長崎市)への再就職は、妻子を銭代坊地区に残しての単身赴任である。「一般企業」では、愛知県、大阪府などの三大工業地域を中心に太平洋ベルトに家族全員で移動して銭代坊地区の実家の老親の介護や死去に伴いUターンするケースである。この場合、殆どが長男夫婦であり、妻も同郷である場合が多くみられた。炭鉱離職者家族の残留要因については、旧三井山野鉱が安価な価格で土地と家屋をセットで払い下げられたことで、生活の基盤となる「住む場所」が確保できたことが大きな要因であることが明らかになった。さらに、炭鉱労働者の多くが住むべき土地も家も持たない漂流者であり、不安定な生活を長く続けてきた
    漂流者たち
    にとっては、払い下げられた銭代坊の地が安住の地であることと関連している。炭住コミュニティに愛着を感じ、銭代坊の地を離れることに抵抗を覚えるのは、この場所が心のよりどころであると考えているからである。炭住コミュニティが抱える課題としては、近隣ネットワークの機能低下で、高齢単身世帯の安否確認を担う「見守りサポーター」の体制づくりが遅れていることが明らかになった。
  • 細木 光夫, 町田 吉彦
    四国自然史科学研究
    2004年 1 巻 9-17
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2021/05/03
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    Eleven crab species belonging to five portunid genera are reported from Urado Estuary, Kochi Prefecture. The northern range extension is recorded for Charybdis (Charybdis) anisodon De Haan, 1835, presently known from Amami Island southward. The occurrence of Charybdis (Charybdis) lucifera (Fabricius, 1798) and Thalamita crenata (Latreille, 1829) from Kochi Prefecture are first based on the specimens from Urado Estuary. Intraspecific color variation found in C.(C.) lucifera is also reported.
  • 岡和田 晃
    日本近代文学
    2016年 95 巻 107-115
    発行日: 2016/11/15
    公開日: 2017/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 中根 光敏
    ソシオロジ
    1988年 33 巻 2 号 21-38,189
    発行日: 1988/09/30
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    ジャーナル フリー
     A series of attacks on Homeless people in Yokohama (1983) was a phenomina which enlightened many people about the social problems of attacks on the Homeless. Not only in Yokohama, but also in Tokyo and Osaka, it was discovered that many attacks on the Homeless have been caused by young people and students since 1975. At present, incidents of attacks on the Homeless happen frequently.
     This paper aims to show that attacks on the homeless are problems related to "Yoseba" discrimination and will discuss the structure of "Yoseba" discrimination in modern Japanese society. The data used supplementarily here were gathered from participant observation in the Osaka Kamagasaki area.
     The Homeless consist of the "Yoseba"-laborers, the socialy deprived men , and illegal professionals. Many of the Homeless are the "Yoseba"-laborers or the onetime "Yoseba"-laborers. Both of these groups are called "Furosha" or "Romusha" and face discrimination. They are labeled with many various stigmas. Their stigmas can be characterized in the following six categories ; (0 lowly character in process of life, (2) insecurity as regards employment, (3) vagrancy, (4) idle character as regards employment, (5) arbitrariness in process of life, (6) inferiority in humanity and personality. There is a fixed structure with these various stigmas interrelated. By discussing the structure of "Yoseba" discrimination, I hope to make clear that it is unreasonable and based on prejudice and discrimination.
  • 高原 正興
    犯罪社会学研究
    1983年 8 巻 187-201
    発行日: 1983年
    公開日: 2017/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently it has been much discussed that the new type of juvenile delinquency has increased in quantities and that deviant behavior theories including labelling theory should be integrated in some way. But Studies of the relationships between actual behaviors and these theories have been less accumulated. Therefore this paper aims at studying the adaptation of deviant behavior theories to contemporary realities in Japan. Categorizing this contemporary type, its three categories are class and stratification, the degree of consciousness, and the structure of play in the whole society. Next, among many theories, anomie theory, delinquent subculture theory, and lower class culture theory aren't adaptable to contemporary realities because these theories are concerned in middle-lower differences and limitation of resident districts. On the contrary, differential identification theory, self-concept theory, and double-sidedness theory of dominant value system (e. g. G. M. Sykes and D. Matza) are well adaptable because they emphasize the similarity of delinquent boys to non-delinquent boys in social structure. In illustration of these problems, The author tried to study the "Yokohama case" of juvenile delinquency that occured in sensational way in February 1983. It is considered as the complex of "classical type" and " contemporary type"
  • 沢木耕太郎と「私小説」
    山内 洋
    昭和文学研究
    2013年 66 巻 54-67
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2022/11/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 生態地域主義とポストコロニアリズムの視点から
    山里 勝己
    アメリカ研究
    2007年 2007 巻 41 号 1-18
    発行日: 2007/03/25
    公開日: 2010/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山本 ひろ子
    日本文学
    2008年 57 巻 7 号 52-65
    発行日: 2008/07/10
    公開日: 2017/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    伊豆諸島の三宅島・新島には、『三宅記』や『島々縁起』と題された、長大な縁起物語が伝わっている。『三宅記』の前半は、噴火による「造島」を精霊たちの活躍として描き出す。伊豆諸島の神話的なりたちを語る、唯一の壮大な島生みの叙事詩といってよい。後半は、三島大明神と奉斎者壬生氏という、二人の異人による三宅島開創と治世の始まりが綴られている。そこから浮かびあがってくるのは、シャーマン的な島の長を中心に、信仰と儀礼によって営まれた、きわめて特異な祭政体の姿である。
  • (第1号~第100号)
    ソシオロジ編集委員会
    ソシオロジ
    1987年 32 巻 2 号 159-196
    発行日: 1987/09/30
    公開日: 2017/02/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 石原 千里
    英学史研究
    1987年 1987 巻 19 号 157-181
    発行日: 1986/11/01
    公開日: 2010/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Rev. Henry Wood, Chaplain of U. S. flag-ship “Powhatan”, taught English and some other subjects to nine interpreters at Nagasaki for 2 whole months of September and October, 1858. His teaching was a success: the students, who had already had certain knowledge of English, made proficiency in the studies. In the course of the teaching activities, Rev. Wood was able to find opportunities of telling his students about Christianity. The series of his letters to New York Journal of Commerce, quoted in Spirit of Missions, describe his experiences in detail, which are quite rare, valuable and interesting specimens of English teaching and learning at dawn in Japan.
    The sincere efforts made by Key. Wood in teaching English secured the confidence of the Governor of Nagasaki as well as the confidence, respect and affection of his students. This led Rev. Wood to believe that it would be possible for a missionary, who would come to Japan as a teacher of English, to transmit the truth of Christianity to the Japanese even under its prohibition. This was actually a confirmation of the statement on introducing Christianity to Japan made by Capt. A. H. Foote of U. S. ship “Portsmouth”, who visited Shimoda and Hakodate in 1857.
    Dr. S. W. Williams, a Presbyterian, and Rev. E. W. Syle of the Protestant Episcopal Church, who visited Nagasaki at that time on U. S. ship “Minnesota” with the aim of ascertaining the possibility of implanting Christianity in Japan, heard from Rev. Wood about his teaching experiences, and wrote to the Mission Boards suggesting early establishment of mission stations in Japan.
    The friendly feelings of the Governor and the authorities at Nagasaki toward Americans created by Rev. Wood's labors worked favorably for the first missionaries to come to Nagasaki.
    Teaching English to the Japanese became one of the major activities of the early missionaries, whose great contribution to the civilization of Japan has been highly appreciated.
  • ──東南アジア島嶼部稲作との関連において──
    田中 耕司
    東南アジア研究
    1983年 21 巻 3 号 309-328
    発行日: 1983/12/10
    公開日: 2018/05/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Yonaguni Island, located at the southwestern end of the Ryukyu Islands, has a humid sub-tropical climate. Information on traditional rice culture on the island prior to the introduction of the socalled Horai rice, the new high-yielding varieties bred in Taiwan in the 1930s, was collected by interviewing old farmers, and the characteristics of rice culture were compared with those in the Southeast Asian archipelago.
     Wet-rice fields on Yonaguni Island were classified into three groups according to their water and soil conditions : rain-fed (tinchida), inundated (minta), and muddy or swampy (kāda). The technical components characterizing the rice culture of the island varied widely with the locational conditions. For land preparation, for example, the dominant method in each group was as follows: tilling and levelling by hand only in kāda; tilling by wooden hoe and by cattle-trampling, and levelling by harrow in minta ; and tilling by plough, preventing seepage by cattle-trampling, and levelling by harrow in tinchida. The traditional cropping season of wet rice prior to the adoption of Horai rice, with which double cropping of rice was established, differed from that of the mainland of Japan. Wet rice was generally transplanted in January and February with two-month-old seedlings and harvested in June and July. This cropping season was favoured by the rainfall during the northeastmonsoon season, commencing in October, and could avoid danger of typhoons between July and September. A similar cropping season can be found in Taiwan and the east coast of the Philippines as well as throughout the Ryukyu Islands. The local varieties replaced by the Horai rice had the following morphological characters: long culm, long panicle, low tillering-capacity, long awn, black or brown husk, large grains, etc. These characters are considered to resemble those of local varieties grown in the Southeast Asian archipelago, which belong to the so-called bulu or javanica type.
     Traditional rice culture on Yonaguni Island thus appears to have been characterized by components common to rice cultures of the Southeast Asian archipelago, and is consequently thought to have had a close genealogical relation with this region, as indicated by the practice of cattle-trampling and the similarity of rice varieties and cropping season.
  • 石原 千里
    英学史研究
    1990年 1991 巻 23 号 57-82
    発行日: 1990年
    公開日: 2010/05/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    Ranald MacDonald (1824-1894) who got into Japan in 1848, when the doors of the country were closed to foreign countries, taught English to Japanese Dutch interpreters at Nagasaki for about 6 months, while he was imprisoned there. The names of the 14 students in his list have been identified. Their ages raged from 16 to 73, and their ranks as interpreter varied from the lowest to the highest. They were from families engaged in the hereditary occupation for about 200 years by that year. A few of them had already possessed certain knowledge of English. Moriyama was an interpreter on the occasion of Capt. Mercator Cooper's visit to Japan in 1845, when he translated Government orders to the Captain into English, and Uemura was one of the Dutch interpreters who started to study English under the Government orders in 1809, having Yan Cock Blomhoff at Dutch factory as their teacher of English, who, in the strict sense, was Japan's first teacher of English. Fathers or grandfathers of most of MacDonald's students were Blomhoff's students. The significance of MacDonald's English teaching was that it was by the first English teacher whose native language was English, and that it firmly took root in this country. In September 1850, about 18 months after the departure of MacDonald from Japan, all the Dutch interpreters were ordered to study English and Russian languages, and to compile an English-Japanese dictionary. Moriyama was one of the two responsible for this project. Unfortunately, the dictionary was unfinished after completion of 7 volumes on A and B, because the interpreters become too busy to continue compiling another, being forced to be involved in the negotiations of Japan with foreign countries after the visits of Perry and Putyatin in 1853. However, the knowledge of English taught by MacDonald was shared among their colleagues during the period of about 3 years' learning, and not only his students but also those who learned from them made great contributions to the civilization of Japan, by devoting themselves in their work, teaching English, and transmitting western culture.
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