During the night pass, NOAA satellites transmit processed AVHRR CH.3 and CH.4 data in APT (Automatic Picture Transmission) format. A method to improve the spatial resolution of APT for practical use is proposed. More than 120 APT scenes received at around 11 Z in winter season from 1994 to 1995 were examined to select 55 meso-scale pictures of cloud-free sea areas around the Japan. Islands. Through the comparison of average temperature between APT-CH.A (AVHRR-CH.3) and CH.B (CH.4), the difference is found to be negligible only when the sea surface temperature is below 18-C. By reconstructing an interlaced imagery from these two images, spatial resolution improvements can be accomplished. Several examples show the improvement by one hundred and several tens of percentage in the extraction of current front edges in the cloud-free sea.

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IN an attempt of extracting some antibacterial substances from the earthworm, we obtained a substance having bacteriostatior bactericidal influence on human type tubercle bacilli, but not on several strains of non-acid-fast pathogenic microorganisms and saprophytic mycobacteria in vitro. The extracts from the earthworm by 3% glacial acid solution or 2.5% sulphuric acid solution were bacteriostatic in a concentration of 0.6 to 1% against human type tubercle bacilli. The latter was bactericidal in a concentration of 1% and relatively heat-stable. The extracts by ethanol or petroleum benzine were bactericidal in a 1.6 × 10³ dilution, bacteriostatic in a 3.2 × 10³ dilution and retained their antimycobacterial activities unchanged for five months at room temperature, but heating for 1 hour at 100°C decreased their activities to 1: 4 of the original ones.

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In order to know the reason for the species difference in the in vivo sensitivity to ouabain, the (Na⁺-K⁺)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of prepared cell membrane from heart and skeletal muscles was observed in several animals. The ratio of ouabain concentration which caused 50 % inhibition of activity of the enzyme from hearts of cat, guinea pig, rat and bufo was obtained in 1: 4: 80: 660, which was approximately the same as the ratio of lethal dose in these animals (1 : 3 : 150: 1000). In the course of this study, a stage was found that (Na⁺-K⁺)-activated ATPase activity was not inhibited in presence of manifest positive inotropic effect of ouabain, using ouabain-infused cat heart.

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光の干渉限界を媒体の磁気特性により克服した磁区拡大再生法(MAMMOS)とそれによる光磁気記録における世界最高密度64Gbit/inch欝 の実験結果を示した．そのMAMMOSの２層化方法と短波長光学系での実証，加えて従来の磁区拡大法を改良し再生磁界を不要とした無磁界MAMMOSの実験結果を示した．無磁界MAMMOSではDVDと同じ赤色光学系を用いて，DVDの2倍の記録密度が達成でき，実用化に必要な各種マージンも広く確保できること，さらにDVD比4.5倍密度の記録再生にも成功した．これらのように媒体可換で情報の秘とく性にも優れた書き換え可能である光磁気記録の高密度化の最新技術と成果を述べた．

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Although it will bring more to use both channel data of NOAA-APT as multi-spectral data in many fields of its applications, NOAA-APT cannot be treated as ordinary two channel multi-spectral band data. That is, the CH.A and the CH.B data of NOAA-APT cannot be laid on top of each others, because each of two channels data streams of NOAA-APT are created from consecutive AVHRR channel data.
A complex of two channels of NOAA-APT becomes a line interlacing, and shows usually a type of alternating line texture. Fog area shows especially evident line texture.
The author inspected seventy-three scenes which were received for three months from May 1994 till July 1994 by his receiving system. Sixty-three meso-scale fog area data are prepared for investigation out of forty-five scenes.
In order to characterize fog area using textural features, he has obtained co-occurrence probabilities, and made a survey of its distribution patterns.
As results, co-occurrence probabilities of cloud-free sea and fog area are clearly distributed separately. In cloud-free sea, because of small fluctuations in albedo which derived from CH.A and in Tm, which derived from CH.B, the distribution pattern shows a circle. In the fog area, fluctuations in albedo are large, the distribution pattern shows ellipse in albedo direction.
Next, in order to identify these co-occurrence probability distribution patterns, fifteen textural features included textural features proposed by Haralick et. at., are calculated.
As results, concerning textural features based on co-occurrence probabilities, ASM discriminates fog and cloud-free sea area at 89.5%, and ENTROPY at 84.2%, respectively.
Concerning textural features based on sum and difference co-occurrence probabilities, SUM AVERAGE discriminates fog and cloud-free sea area at 96.7%, DIFFERENCE AVERAGE at 93.0%, SUM ENTROPY at 91.2%, and DIFFERENCE ENTROPY at 91.2% respectively. CONTRAST textural feature shows time-variant

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The potentiating effect of oleate on the thiopental anesthesia was confirmed by the following: 1) prolongation of sleeping time, 2) return to sleep on recovery and 3) reduction of anesthetic doses. An intravenous administration of oleate to animals under thiopental anesthesia was found to increase the brain thiopental levels. From the results of in vitro thiopental penetration experiment, it was found that oleate increased unbound, freely diffusible thiopental. This increase was probably due to the capacity of the fatty acid to usurp albumin binding sites of thiopental. The inhibitory effect of various fatty acids on thiopental binding to albumin was studied by the technique of ultrafiltration.

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Comparative studies on lethal dose of digitoxin and post-mortem concentration of the drug in heart muscle were made in cat, guinea pig and rat. It was found that relative ratios of lethal dose for these animals were 1: 2.5: 60 and that relative concentration ratios of digitoxin were 1: 9: 70.
When atria was prepared for recording twitch tension, digitoxin (2.2 × 10^-7 g/ml) initially increased and then reduced the tension. In the rat, the time for 50 % decline in peak tension was four times longer than that in the guinea pig, whereas uptake of ³H-digitoxin by atria was almost the same in both animals. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that the in vivo sensitivity to digitoxin might be in parallel with sensitivity of heart muscle to the drug.

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Isolated cat and guinea-pig hearts were perfused with 10^-7M ³H-ouabain or ³H-digitoxin for 30 min. The subcellular distribution of cardiac glycosides was investigated. (1) In cat hearts, the digitoxin uptake was approximately 6 times greater than the ouabain uptake. Upon fractionation, the concentration of glycosides in the microsomal fraction was the highest, being 8 ?? 17-fold range of that seen in the other fractions. (2) In guinea-pig hearts, the subcellular distribution of glycosides showed the same pattern as in cat hearts. (3) From these findings, it was suggested that cardiac glycosides might have a greater affinity to microsomal fraction regardless of animal species.

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Animals receiving catecholamines on awakening from barbiturates anesthesia returned to sleep. Furthermore, animals pretreated with adrenaline showed a significant prolongation of thiopental sleeping time. The analytical data demonstrated that this potentiating effect of catecholamines which was blocked by the adrenolytic agents was attributed to an increased penetration of thiopental into the brain. On the basis of in vitro experiment, the possibility that adrenaline might exert the potentiating effect on the thiopental anesthesia through its lipolytic action was suggested.

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As a basis for understanding the mechanism of action of barbiturates, a study of their inhibitory properties on anaerobic glycolysis was undertaken.
In starved rats received single intraperitoneal injections of 50 mg/kg pentobarbital or of 100 mg/kg phenobarbital, there was observed a significant decrease in the blood levels of pyruvate and lactate at the time of maximal depression of motor activity. In the brain, the levels of phosphorylated metabolites of glucose were slightly decreased.
Anaerobic glycolysis in vitro was found to be inhibited at the concentrations of drugs tested. The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were significantly inhibited in the presence of the drugs. Aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were insensitive to the drugs.
These findings support that barbiturate suppresses anaerobic glycolysis through inhibition of activities of enzymes which catalyze irreversible steps of glycolysis.

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Thiopental sleeping time and anesthetic dose of thiopental were examined in rats at 24 hours after administration of CCl₄. It was found that CCl₄ increased the sleeping time and reduced the anesthetic dose. Tissue distribution studies revealed that potentiation by CCl₄ of thiopental anesthesia was attributed to an increased penetration of the barbiturate into the brain.
Biochemical studies showed that plasma of CCl₄-treated rats had relatively low quantities of albumin and did not have enough capacity for thiopental binding. Altered distribution of thiopental might be due to a hypoalbuminemia induced by CCl₄. No changes in the sensitivity of central nervous system and in the permeability of blood-brain barrier were observed.

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Frequency of digitalis intoxication is rapidly increasing, due to the prevailing of clinical use of the drug, for example, acute digitalization which is based upon development of its injection and combined use of thiazide diuretics, etc. On the other hand, mechanism of digitalis intoxication is scarcely made clear. Accordingly, in this experiment, the author attempted to examine on some features in the acute digitalis-intoxication, especially regarding the following two points, and intended to clarity mechanism of this intoxication by analyzing the results. 1. Pathological states was examined from the following 4 items on the heart in acute digitalis intoxication. (1) Electrocardiography (2) Serum electrolyte (3) Carbohydrate and electrolyte metabolism of the heart muscle (4) Potassium content of the heart muscle 2. The author also experimentally investigated the clinically wellknown fact that the heart muscle metabolically disturbed is apt to get into digitalis intoxication, compared with the normal heart muscle. Methods : As a digitalis agent, stropepside was used, which is one of "monosides" having the fundamental form as the action-structure of "digitalis" effect and shows immedite effect. Male healthy dogs weighing 10kg were used as the experimental animals, and sodium hexabarbiturate as anesthetics. Experiment-1 : Electrocardiography in the acuts strospeside intoxication At constant anesthetic state, normality of ECG was confirmed from the variation statistically treated ECGs of 50 dogs. Strosepside (0.15-0.50mg/kg), dissolved with physiological saline to 10cc in total, was injected intravenously during 2 minutes. For the control animals, 10cc of physiological saline only was injected. ECG was recorded before the injection and 1, 2, 4 minutes after and afterwards at intervals of 2 minutes up to 60 minutes on 9 Leads (I, II, III, aV_R, aV_L, aV_F and V₁, V₃, V₅). Experiment-2 : Serum electrolyte in the acute strospeside intoxication.

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