要旨 :　

Bṛhatkalpabhāṣya 6364 prescribes ten kinds of monastic rules for the monks. These rules are for those who are: (1) in the position of the monk who practices sāmāyika, and (2) in the position of the monk who must be newly initiated because he has been demoted from his position due to transgressions. In this article, I point out that while the enumeration of these rules is not found in any Śvetāmbara scriptures, Bṛhatkalpabhāṣya 6364 has parallel verses in other Śvetāmbara Bhāṣya commentaries, the works of Haribhadra Virahāṅka, and the Digambara pseudo-canon or the Bhagavatī Ārādhanā and the Mūlācāra. I also point out that the Śvetāmbaras and the Digambaras give different interpretations to the first rule on “nudity (accelakka, etc.).” While the Digambaras interpret “nudity” as a synomym of aparigraha or non-attachment, the Śvetāmbaras argue that a monk is regarded as “nude” only if he wears rag clothes.

健康で満足の得られる食事を提供するため，給食は衛生的で安全でなければならない．食中毒の原因となるウイルスを含む微生物は，食材およびその搬入，調理従事者の皮膚，衣服，履物，返却された食器等を経由して調理施設内に侵入すると考えられる．給食現場での衛生に関して，

The hypothesis of this study is that the remote cause of present lack of nurse is the selection of course when the student graduates from high school.

The data about the entrance into a school or graduation of 3-year course nursing schools from 1970 to 1991, showed clearly that loss of latent nursing man power arise at a time in the nursing school from a point of view next five situations. 1)decrease of applicants for admission to school. 2)increase of examinees who decline entrance examintion. 3)increase of successful candidates who decline entrance into a school. 4) increase of the students who leave school after entrance. 5)increase of the students who changes the course to take a new field that is not nursing complete at a couse.