花粉症を代表とするアレルギー性結膜炎の治療はが中心となります. にはいくつかの種類がありますが, 一般的に眼科で用いられるのは抗アレルギー点眼薬と呼ばれるものとステロイド点眼薬です. 抗アレルギー点眼薬にも現在いくつかの種類があり, それぞれに多少の特徴がありますが, その基本作用はアレルギーを起こす細胞を暴れないようにすることで, 既に暴れ出したものにはあまり効果はありません. このは重篤な副作用が無く, 安全に長期に使え, またアレルギーを起こす2-3週間前より点眼を開始すればある程度の予防効果が期待できるという利点がありますが, 効果発現までに多少の時間がかかり, 効果そのものが弱い場合もあります. 一方, ステロイド点眼薬は抗アレルギー点眼薬に比べ効果は確実で強いのですが副作用の可能性があり, 長期の使用は好ましくありません. 実際の治療としては最初に, 特に花粉症で季節が分かっている場合には症状発現の数週間前より抗アレルギー点眼薬を点眼して頂き, 効果が弱い場合, あるいは症状が強い場合には低濃度のステロイド点眼薬を一時的に併用して頂きます. これでも収まらない場合には抗アレルギー薬の内服や, もう少し高濃度のステロイド点眼を併用してもらいます. またアレルギー性結膜炎で時に問題となるのは他の病気があってを既に使っている時, コンタクトレンズを装用している時であります. 他のと一緒に使用することは可能ですが, 複数のを点眼をする時には時間を開けることが重要で, また病気によってはステロイド点眼は注意する必要があります. コンタクトレンズ装用者のアレルギー性結膜炎では, コンタクトレンズ (の汚れ) によるものと, たまたまコンタクトレンズ装用者にアレルギー性結膜炎を合併した場合がありますが, いずれにしろコンタクトレンズ装用は基本的に中止した方が良いと思われます. どうしてもコンタクトレンズを中止できない場合はコンタクトレンズの上からを使いますが, ディスポーザブルタイプ以外の水を含むソフトコンタクトレンズでは防腐剤を含むの成分がコンタクトレンズに浸透・蓄積しますので, 装用時間は短くし, 絶対に無理な装用をしないよう注意して下さい.

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Kurashiki Central Hospital provides communication skills training for junior pharmacists provided by a clinical psychologist. To improve the training content, we used a questionnaire to assess junior pharmacists’ knowledge and skills in communication techniques. The questionnaire was administered before training. Junior pharmacists rated their communication skills and behaviors in providing medication instructions to patients on a 10- and 5-point scales, respectively. Younger pharmacists tended to have knowledge of communication techniques that they considered important, select programs taken during their undergraduate education as a source of knowledge, and retain the communication skills acquired as students. Communication skills that were considered important by a higher percentage of pharmacists with fewer years of experience were “asking closed questions” (P = 0.007), “nodding” (P = 0.019), “giving responses” (P = 0.014), and “affirming the patient’s feelings” (P = 0.016). All trainees wanted to focus on points that would encourage patients to change their behavior. Since each age group is characterized by lower mean self-assessment skills in providing medication instructions to patients, modifying the skills included in role-plays would be useful to improve their weaknesses.

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特集にあたって：眼を酷使する時代である．若年性の「近視」の原因は，勉強からスマートフォンに移ったかもしれない．青年は「ドライアイ」，中壮年は「老眼」「緑内障」，高齢者では「加齢黄斑変性」「白内障」と，いろいろな眼の病気が各世代で幅広く存在し，その障害はヒトとしてのQOLに切実にかかわってくる．をささない日はもはやないといっても過言ではないであろう．目は心の窓ともいわれる．その目を曇らせないためにも，眼病を知りを知ることは意義深いと考え，本特集号を企画した．「眼の病気，目のくすり」．「眼」と「目」の違いにも思いをはせつつ読み進めていただければ，きっと何かが見えてくることであろう．
表紙の説明：構造物としての眼は，大変精密である．その精密度は，光の入り口である前部と，投影部位である後部で際立つ．眼は脳と直結しているため，感情の表現者としての「目」の機能も有する．表紙の眼の構造図は，本文中の209頁と223頁の図を改変して用いた．また，中田氏の項では「正しいのさし方」にも言及している．両手で丁寧に，目に感謝しつつをさそう．

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Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anionic carrier were applied to the analysis of nine principal components of eye lotion. Simultaneous separation of these components except cyanocobalamin (VB₁₂), which has the same migration time with that of electroosmotic flow, was achieved by CZE using a 72 cm×50 μm i.d. fused silica capillary tube filled with 20 mM borate buffer (pH 10) at 25 kV DC voltage with UV detection at 200 nm. Under these conditions, the peak of chondroitin sulfate (CS) was overlapped with that of aspartic acid in case the latter was contained in the sample as a co-existing component. However, when pH was decreased to 9, CS was separated from other components and also from aspartic acid, and gave a more shapely peak. VB₁₂ could be separated from other components by MEKC with 20 mM borate buffer (pH 10) containing 40 mM SDS. The applicability to the determination of nine principal components of eye lotion is demonstrated.

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We studied the effect of advising outpatients on the rational use of ophthalmic solutions and compliance by a questionnaire (n=158), in order to establish the optimal consultation method. A total of 41.8% of the patients answered the questionnaire. In compairing the actual use of ophthalmic solutions before and after consultation, the rates of rational use increased for all items except for “applications per day”, which decreased slightly from 93.4% before the consultation to 90.2% after that. In particular, “eyelid closure” and “nasolacrimal occlusion” after instillation, and “the 5 min interval of instillation in the case of plural medication”, considerably increased from 34.8% before the consultation to 60.6% after that, from 9.5% to 50.8% and from 45.9% to 73.8%, respectively. The compliance remarkably improved in glaucoma patients after consultation regarding “the 5min interval of instillation” .
Based on these results, our consultation method for the rational use on ophthalmic solutions was thus evaluated. However, since some patients who still did not appreciate the need for the rational use of such medication still presented, further improvements in the consultation method requires for the rational use.

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効能効果：目の疲れ，眼病予防（水泳のあと，ほこりや汗が目に入ったときなど），結膜充血，目のかすみ（目やにの多いときなど），目のかゆみ，眼瞼炎（まぶたのただれ），紫外線その他の光線による眼炎（雪目など），ハードコンタクトレンズを装着しているときの不快感
成分分量：【有効成分】パンテノール0.1％，ビタミンB6　0.1％，L-アスパラギン酸カリウム1％，ネオスチグミンメチル硫酸塩0.005％，コンドロイチン硫酸エステルナトリウム0.1％，グリチルリチン酸二カリウム0.1％，クロルフェニラミンマレイン酸塩0.01％，塩酸テトラヒドロゾリン0.01％　【添加物】アミノカプロン酸，塩化Na，l-メントール，d-カンフル，d-ボルネオール，ゲラニオール，ユーカリ油，プロピレングリコール，ペパーミントオイル，ベンザルコニウム塩化物，クロロブタノール，エデト塩Na，ポリソルベート80，ホウ酸，pH調整剤
用法用量：1回1～3滴，1日5～6回点眼してください．※ソフトコンタクトレンズを装着したまま使用しないでください．
（上記は現在発売している「新V・ロート」のものを記載）

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Contact Lens (CL) causes eye damage and discomfort by increasing friction with upper eyelids. To improve the safety and wearing comfort of CL, eye drop has an important role in reducing friction on CL. Therefore, it is essential to understand the friction mechanism between a CL and an upper eyelid in eye drop. In a previous study, we investigated the relationship between the hydration layer thickness and frictional properties of CL surfaces in a saline solution. We used a high-resolution tribometer and frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) to observe the hydration layer. The hydration layer of the CL in a saline solution was found to increase or decrease in thickness because of micro abrasion However, the effects of eye drops on friction mechanism of CL have not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of hyaluronic acid on CL surface friction and hydration layer thickness. In friction tests, the coefficient of friction of hyaluronic acid solution was higher than that of saline solution, regardless of the amount of hyaluronic acid added. In addition, FM-AFM observations indicated that the hydration layer thickness on the CL surface increased in PBS with hyaluronic acid solution compared to that in saline solution. Therefore, the frictional properties of the CL in PBS with hyaluronic acid solution were not determined by the hydration layer thickness.

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As a part of the studies on nicotine, the author conducted the following experiments employing fertilized hens' eggs.
The influence of nicotine on the excretion of vitamin B1 into the allantoic fluid and on the vitamin B1 content of the liver was first investigated. Further, the vitamin B1 contents of amniotic fluid and hydropic fluid were determined in order to investigate the transference of vitamin B1 through the body fluid. Further, the excretion of pyruvic acid into the allantoic fluid by the addition of nicotine was investigated, thus the influence of nicotine on the sugar metabolism of chick embryo Fwas investigated. On the other hand, histological changes in the heart induced by nicotine were investigated and were compared with the changes in the liver which were described by Kiwaki et al. The followings are the principal result.
1) In the case with the administration of nicotine of low concentration the difference in the body weight of chick embryo was not large when compared with that of the controls. However, with a higher concentration, the body weight of chick embryo demonstrated a tendency of decrease. Hydropsia, growth arrest (dwarfism) and other malformations in the chick embryo became more marked as the concentration of nicotine became higher.
2) The amount of allantoic fluid became smaller as the concentration of nicotine added became higher. Especially, the decrease in the amount of allantoic fluid was found marked in the case of hydropic chick embryo.
3) The decrease in the vitamin B1 content in the allantoic fluid was first recognized when the amount of nicotine added reached 1.5 mg, and the decrease bacame marked as the amount of nicotine became larger.
4) The vitamin B1 content of the liver markedly increased as the incubation progressed.
5) The vitamin B1 content of the liver first demonstrated a tendency of decrease when the amount of nicotine added reached 1.5 mg, and the decrease became marked as the amount of nicotine added became larger as in the case of allantoic fluid.
6) In the control cases, the amount of amniotic fluid reached the maximum on the 12 th day, and slightly decreased gradually thereafter.
7) The vitamin B1 content of the amniotic fluid in the case with the addition of nicotinn demonstrated a tendency of decrease when compared with the controls.
8) Vitamin B1 was transferred into the hydropic fluid in the case added with 3.0 mg of nicotine.
9) The amount of pyruvic acid in the allantoic fluid was found increased by the addition of nicotine when compared with the controls.
10) Generally, the histopathological changes in the heart of chick embryo induced by the addition of nicotine were not remarkable. However, when compared with the controls, hydropsia, looseness, increase in the connective tissue and necrosis in addition to general mild atrophy of muscle fibres and circulatory failure were recognized.

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本タービンは, 2段抽気復水タービンで, 復水器冷却水には河川水を使用しているが, 時間経過とともに復水器冷却水管内面にスケールが付着生成し, 復水器の真空低下を来たす。この為, 定期的に復水器冷却水管のスポンジボール洗浄を実施しているが, 清浄度は計画値85%に対して60%～70%に留まっている。そこで今回, 復水器冷却水管を抜管し, スケール成分の調査, 洗浄薬品の選定を行ない, 平成5年6月, 当工場では初めて薬品洗浄を実施した。その結果清浄度は, 12%～20%上昇と予想以上の効果が得られ, また, 復水器の真空度向上によるタービンの出力増加で購入電力の削減を図ることができた。

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We investigated the success rates of eyedrop instillation and the distance between the cornea and the dropper tip in 100 volunteers using high-speed digital video recording. Past eyedrop adherence studies assumed that instillation occurred without failure. The ideal distance between the cornea and dropper tip remained unclear, although the general estimate was approximately 2.54 cm (1 inch). This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all participating medical institutions, and all volunteers provided written, informed consent. Successful instillation was defined as when 1 drop fell accurately into the eye on the first attempt. The instillation of ≥2 drops or drops delivered outside the eye was considered a failure. The distance between the eye and dropper tip was measured using still images from a paused digital video camera and a digital ruler. Forty percent of the volunteers instilled eyedrops without instructions from ophthalmologists, pharmacists, or other healthcare workers. When the images were analyzed, the success rate of the first instillation was 70.1%. When the eye was arbitrarily divided into 9 sections, most of the drop sites were the iris or the center of the eye. The distance between the dropper tip and cornea was 2.62±1.75 (median 2.20) cm. These results indicate that the generally recommended distance is usually followed. The successful instillation rate based on the distance from the dropper tip to the cornea was 77% at 1.6±0.88 cm and 54.9% at 4.8±1.25 cm.

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はプラスチックボトルに入った多くは無色透明，あるいは白濁した懸濁型の無菌性の液剤である．（以下，点眼剤）という名前の通り，点眼剤は疾患部位，あるいは疾患部位近傍に直接投与可能な製剤であるために経口投与製剤や静脈内投与製剤に較べ，眼内組織移行性向上と全身の副作用軽減の可能性がある．点眼剤は単に原薬を水に溶解あるいは懸濁させただけでなく，溶解度の向上や保持，安定性の確保，防腐効力の担保，懸濁であれば再分散性の向上や保持などにも注意を払い製剤設計が行われる．本稿では点眼剤の設計，将来展望，使用上の注意点について解説する．

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大型スパーマーケットとショッピングセンター、コンビニエンスストアなどの出現は私たちの消費パターンを変化させ、そのため多くの企業が自社商品の広告やデザインに莫大な費用を投資している。これらの販売形式は消費者にいかに自社商品を認識させるのかが重要であり、特に多くの商品を陳列している陳列台で消費者に強い印象を与えるか否かは企業の自社商品の購買をうなかす大きな役目をはたしている。本論文は食品や生活用品購入において商品の消費行動はどんな動機と媒体によって影響を受け、商品においてどんな要素を重要だと思うのかについてその要因を蔚山(ウルサン)大学の学生52入に対して調査を行い、分析した。その結果、商品購入においては「色相」と「パッケージデザイン」が重要視されており、要素としては「品質」が最も重要視され、購入するタイプでは「広告でよく見た商品を購入」「陳列している商品を見て購入」するのが非常に高いことがわかった。又,広告媒体についてはTV広告が全体の2/3を占めるほどに大きい影響を及ぼしているという結論を得た。

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 Gifu Pharmaceutical University Pharmacy was established in front of Gifu University Hospital (GUH) as a pharmacy attached to the university, the first in Japan in 1998. When GUH moved in 2004, Gifu Pharmaceutical University Pharmacy was built in its current location. One of the priorities of the design of the new facility was easy access to those with disabilities. For example, ramps, wheelchair accessible restrooms, and handicap-friendly waiting-room chairs were installed. In cooperation with GUH, we introduced a two-dimensional bar code system for prescriptions. This promoted the efficiency of compounding medicines. In addition, starting in 2006, we introduced digital drug-history records at Gifu Pharmaceutical University Pharmacy. We also increased the staff of the affiliated pharmacy in 2006. We designed the system of the affiliated pharmacy for long-term pharmacy practice. Currently, we accept pharmacy students visiting pharmacy of early exposure and long-term pharmacy practice. Today, the pharmacy fills an average of 80 prescriptions a day, primarily from GUH. Our staff consists of six pharmacists, one full-time office manager, and three part-time office assistants. In keeping with our role as a community pharmacy, we hold regular lectures and an education forum for pharmacists. We also carry out clinical studies.

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本論文は食品や生活用品購入において商品のどのような要素を重視しているかについて「大学生が持っている商品購入の傾向」と「商品において各項目がどの位重要なのか」の二つの項目を蔚山(ウルサン)大学の学生52入に対して調査を行い、分析した。その結果、両方の各項目に対して、「デザイン」「機能」「販売」を重視しているのは「化粧品」「合成洗剤(お風呂用洗剤)」であり「デザイン」「販売」を重視しているのは「飲み物(果実飲み物,炭酸飲み物)」「アイスクリーム類(アイスクリーム)」「お菓子類(ビスケット)」「お菓子類(クッキー)」「お菓子類(スナック)」「お菓子類(パイ)」、「機能」「販売」を重視しているのは「歯ブラシ/歯磨き」「乳加工品(粉ミルク)」「合成洗剤(洗濯用洗剤」「発酵食品(ヨグルト)」、「デザイン」「機能」を重視しているのは「穀類加工品(ご飯)」「水産物加工品(しじみのみそ汁)」「レトルト食品(コムタン)」「調味料(みそ)」「即席乾燥食品(明太スープ)」「芳香剤」という結論を得、商品によって重要視する要因が異なることがわかった。

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