本研究は, 脈絡のない要因同士が混在し変容を続ける地域環境下に生み出される空間と景観解釈のつながりの自己組織的生成・変容過程を捉える事を目的としている.東京芝浦地区を研究対象とし, 1980年以降の商業界隈としての空間変容を都市情報誌の分析史料調査及び, 現地調査を通じ, 個別商業施設の特徴の分析から, 景観解釈の変容を情報誌上の記述分析から明らかにした。これらの結果を相互参照し, 対象地の空間と景観解釈のつながりの自己組織的生成過程を異種混交環境の生起に起因した空間と景観解釈の相互作用の結果として, その変容過程を浮動的なつながりが空間・景観解釈の変化に常時影響を受け変容する過程として示した。

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In this report we intend to illustlate the contents of the discourses concerning architectural design written by contemporary Japaneses architects, through investigating the articles in "SHINKENCHIKU" journal after world war II. From this point of view, we already reported several theses that clarify the contents of housing theories, urbanism, and desigh theories written by architects in the journal. In those theories, there are phrases expressing "Thoughts on Housing" "Thoughts on City" "Design Themes" "Spatial Conceptions" by architects. In the previous reports, such phrases are extracted, from each articles and their contents are compared with each other. This time we aim to illustlate the transition of the contents of architectural theories by contemporary Japanese architects, and the distinctive meanings of "Thoughts on Housing" "Thoughts on City", through synthetically investigating the results obtained in the previous reports.

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This report is to illustrate how contemporary Japanese architects make frameworks of concept in their design theory through studying of 'dual concept', a set of notions that is one of a strong type of a rhetorical text, in their articles. That is why we can find her/his important idea and context for Architecture in it. Firstly, the content of each dual concept was considered, and some descriptions about background context were extracted from each theory. Then contents of dual concept was classified into several categories based on two different levels; from background context and from a viewpoint of duality/classification. Secondly, two types of form about dual concept was considered from the text of articles. One is the form of each dual concept itself. Another form is about the stance of architect for dual concept. Finally, the relationship between two levels of content and two types of form was compared in each dual concept and analyzed totally.

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In this report we intend to illustlate how contemporary architects have conceptualized spaces with words. Language practice is so much important work for the contemporary architects as designing realistic building (material practice). As this point of view, we already reported several theses of architects. This time we especially aim to clarify spatial conceptions of contemporary Japanese architects through the study on articles written along with realized houses. As data, we compiled articles written as interpretation for the houses in "SHIN-KENCHIKU" which is one of the most popular architectural journals in Japan. And we extracted sentences distinctly related to the architect's spatial conceptions. The process of study consists of two parts; at first, we forcused on concrete elements and images expressed with spatial conceptions. Secondary, the contents of each spatial conception were investigated. The meaning of those spatial conceptions was analyzed through the KJ method, originated by kawakita Jiro. As a result, they were categorized into three, "Relation between Interior and Exterior", "Relation between the Part and the Whole" and "Character of space" as a whole. Moreover, we defined them from the two sides of view, "Schematic" and "Phenomenal" spatial conceptions.

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 The aim of this study is to clarify the framework of architectural thoughts with the word "box" through analyzing design theories of contemporary Japanese houses. Firstly the conceptural recognitions for "box" are classified into four categories (Simplicity, Unitarity, Primordiality, and Histricity) through analyzing articles written as design theory for houses by architect. Secondly the organization forms of "box" are analyzed from two aspects. The one is the characteristics of "box" which is classified into Mass type and Volume type, and the other is the operations on "box" which shows the number of "box" to operate or not to operate. Finally relations between the conceptural recognitions and the organization forms of "box" are analyzed totally including a chronological consideration.

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By means of studying articles published by contemporary Japanese architects, this report aims to illustrate their ideas on public architecture. At first, the content of each article was studied, and some comments were extracted from each theory. Then, they were abstracted into two different levels: the level of the subject and the level of the representation. Next, the meaning of these comments was analyzed by applying the method created by Jiro Kawakita. Those theories were then distracted on the basis of certain ideas. The subject was correlated with the representation, and their relationship was studied. Consequently, a definite meaning was found. In this particular study, we have pointed out the design ideas of contemporary Japanese architects about public architecture after the Second World War.

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 The text description of building by mimetic words is a frequently used form of communication for Japanese architects to express their architectural design intent. The mimetic words describe a material building vividly and sensually as if it gains its own life and express connotative meaning of architecture that the architect imbues through the depicted building posture and gesture. The objective of this paper is to identify material aspects of architecture rhetorically characterized by mimetic word expressions used in the explanation of works of architecture through the text description of buildings in a monthly Japanese architecture magazine, Shinkenchiku.
 The flow of this research is as below:
 1. Extract sentences which contain mimetic word expression used by architects to explain their design from Shinkenchiku published during 1950 - 2010.
 2. Extract Subjects, Mimetic words and Regulating verbs. Subject refers to a building itself or a physical constituent of architecture depicted by a mimetic word in the sentence. Mimetic word is defined as a sound-symbolic word that describes Subject in the sentence. Regulating verb is a verb of the Subject, a word grammatically forming the main part of the predicate of the sentence, to describe an action, state, or occurrence of the Subject together with the mimetic word.
 3. Classify mimetic words by the sound-symbolic meaning, then cross-reference them with subjects and regulating verbs respectively to analyze and derive semantic tendencies when they are combined.
 4. Map out material aspects of architecture rhetorically characterized by mimetic word expression with a matrix in which the horizontal axis is the tendency of meaning by the combination of the mimetic words and the subjects, and the vertical axis is that of the mimetic words and the regulating verbs.
 As a result, four semantic tendencies are found from the analysis of the combination of mimetic words and subjects: (1) Primary building component's behavioral gesture characterized by the visual configuration, (2) Environmental design element characterized by the elastic appearance, (3) Fluid environmental element that relates to the production of a space, and (4) From a part to the whole of a building grasped as grain by zooming. From the analysis of combination of the mimetic words and the regulating verbs, four semantic tendencies are found: (A) Fine-tuned movement, (B) Deviation from a steady state, (C) Manipulated joint, and (D) Correlation actualized by sharpness. In the end, 24 typical material aspects of architecture expressed in mimetic word descriptions are identified through the mapping.
 In summary, with mimetic word expressions, architects characterize the quality of architecture which is difficult to measure and describe by a single conceptual term with their sensibility through the sound-symbolic word in the text description of buildings. It recognizes architecture as a dynamic conglomeration of multiple assets and meaning ascribed to the material properties of the building constituents by assuming a human body positioned within architecture through which embraces real environments in and around which the building is set. Through the research of the mimetic word expressions, this paper revealed a lateral thinking of architects enabling the production of continuous and inclusive architecture of everyday.

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天童木工の一般家庭用家具シリーズは住宅の室内を総合的に構成するものであった。また官公庁・公共施設・一般企業向け家具シリーズには、日本で最初に開発されたオフィス・システム家具シリーズであるOFgroup-1とその後続シリーズ、図書館用家具・高齢者福祉用家具・ベンチ・テーブル・大会議テーブル等の各シリーズがあった。そして天童木工は1986年から93年まで官公庁・公共施設・一般企業向け家具に特化していた。次に、60年代の天童木工家具デザインコンクールには、その作品の量産化よりも、家具デザイナーに研鑽の場を提供したという意義があった。また天童木工名作家具のデザイナーの中では、特に剣持勇の貢献が大きかった。それから、天童木工は50・60年代にアメリカ、北欧、ブラジルのモダニズムの影響を受けたミッドセンチュリー・モダニズムの家具を製作した。またジャパニーズ・モダニズムの家具も製作した。更に80年代にはポスト・モダニズムの影響を受けた家具を製作した他、構造体の美を追求する後期モダニズムの影響を受けた家具も製作した。

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This study aims to clarify the role and the function of the icon in architecture through an examination of role, character and meaning of form as the icon which determine the outward appearance of architecture. The subject of our study is an opinion-survey which we called [Image Research of Architecture] performed in order to observe various architectural images. This report deals with a particular aspect of the opinion-survey in which the respondents were asked to evaluate the impressions of 76 exterior photographs of detatched houses using 9 bi-polar perceptual scales. First, as the result of the factor analysis of the 9 perceptual scales using the average scores of the data, 3 major factors were extracted. And the scales which have the highest factor-loading in each of these 3 factors were set as 3 typical scales. The first is [good-bad] , the second is [easy to build-difficult to build], and the third is [new-old fashioned]. Next, the phenomena of 76 buildings on 3 typical scales were examined by the factor-analysis method using individual data. Consequently, all 3 analyses showed similar results. According to these results, 6 types of architecture, with consideration given to individual differences, were obtained. And then, an examination of the position of the elements of the 6 types in relation to the 3-dimensional coordinate system derived from the former analysis using average scores clarified that the elements of each type are not uniformly dispersed within the system but are clustered together according to the type.

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After the turn of the Twentieth century, American industrial buildings develop some innovative design vocabularies which include concrete frame, ribbon window, and glass curtain-wall. The main motive of such development is a demand for natural lighting. A multi story ferroconcrete structure develops from a bearing wall into a grid frame wall and a cantilevered non-bearing wall with ribbon window. On the other hand, a one story steel structure develops from a large glass window into a pillarless glass curtain-wall.

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This paper aims to clarify the framework of the architectural schematic model by analyzing project descriptions of houses in design theories by contemporary Japanese architects. Firstly, the components of the model are classified into 4 building elements (Volumetric, Planar, Linear, and Secondary Elements) and Ground. Operations with the elements are classified into Topological/ Ordered Arrangement and Property Manipulation. Secondly, formal aspects of the model are considered from the viewpoints of Integrating Element and Dominant Operation within Topological/ Ordered Arrangement. Finally, 18 types of the model are found and classified into 4 concepts considered architectural archetypes: Container, Cover, Enclosure, and Partition.

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 This study focuses on continuous thoughts of architectural expression in designing several architectures. These thoughts are one of the important methodology for executing works continuously. There are some theories in which architects and architectural critics referred to the importance of these thoughts. For examples, Shozo Baba, who is one of the authoritative editor in architectural journalism, insists that continuous thoughts of architectural expression is essential for architects to leave a mark on society through the long-term creative activity. From these points, this report aims to illustrate continuous thoughts of architectural expression by contemporary Japanese architects. In order to clarify it, design theories on a series of works by one architect on the same design theme are focused.
 Firstly the contents of each design theory were analyzed, and several descriptions of the design theme common to a series of works were extracted (Fig. 1). The meanings of these descriptions were classified into five categories, which were “theme on form”, “theme on space”, “theme on composition”, “theme on construction-technology”, and “theme on surrounding environment” (Table 1). Then most of the design theories contained “theme on form”, “theme on space”, “theme on composition”, and “theme on construction-technology”. On the other hand few design theories contained in “theme on surrounding environment”.
 Secondly continuous thoughts of architectural expression were analyzed from a viewpoint of two aspects ; one is the relationship among each work’s architectural expression, the other is the way of setting the prototype model of the architectural expression in the process of executing works. The former aspect was classified into three categories, which were “similar”, “different”, and “mixed” (Fig. 2, 3). The later aspect was classified into two categories, which were “deductive way” and “inductive way” (Fig. 4). Then, through analyzing the relationship with both two aspects, following characteristic combinations of both two aspects were found ; firstly “deductive way” and “different”, secondly “inductive way” and “similar”, lastly “inductive way” and “different” (Fig. 5).
 Consequently, the relationship between the meanings of design theme and the contents of above two aspects was considered and analyzed totally (Fig. 6). As a result, in each design theme, there are several tendencies on above two aspects were founded. Firstly in “theme on form”, “different” was found largely, regardless of the way of setting the prototype model. Secondly in “theme on space”, four combinations were found ; “deductive way” and “similar”, “deductive way” and “different”, “inductive way” and “similar”, “inductive way” and “mixed”. Thirdly in “theme on composition”, a characteristic combination was found ; “deductive way” and “different”. Lastly in “theme on construction-technology”, two characteristic combinations were found ; “inductive way” and “similar”, “inductive way” and “different”.

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