Purposes of the study are to arrange the content of the post war reconstruction plan,specifying in KABUKI-CHO and, through the investigation and analysis on the course of the district development the present space composition in the region, to examine the influence which the post war reconstruction plan has given to'the district development, and finally to achieve a total review of it. Special stress are put as follows: 1. Aimed at construction of amusement quarter 2. Multi-examined plan 3. Mainly executed by private organizations 4. Gained total support from the administration of that time.

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This paper aims to describe and analyze Hideaki Ishikawa's thoughts on amusement places and their meaning in urban history. Especially this paper deal with three issues as follows. First, we describe his thought diachronically to figure out his origin and it's evolution. Second, we describe his practice in Tokyo during postwar reconstruction to clarify his effect on urban space. Third, we explore the background in urban history which made him to act matters as mentioned. In consequence we clarified that his act was linked to urban problem and trend of academic discourse in those days.

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本研究の目的は、我国で最も有名な都市計画家であるが主導した商業都市美運動の史実を新たな知見として提示し、それを基に戦前期における都市美運動の意義を再考することである。都市美を有する盛り場の慰楽機能を重要視した石川は、内務省都市計画地方委員会の都市計画家としての本務の他に、商店街の美化及び運営に当たるための諸協会を組織し、主に商店会などの様々な主体と協働し、都市計画家の職域を拡大しようと試みた。本論では、このような石川の都市美運動を通して、我国の都市美運動は、我国の都市計画に対する実践を伴った問題提起として改めて意義付けられると結論した。

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In Nagoya by both of land readjustment introduced by 1919 Town Planning act. and land consolidation carried out until then good residential area in the suburbs were builded in cooperation with land owners and planners. The style of this development is even unequal and ideal, but in practically there were not so a lot of area which had been completed with the original policy.
The following three points have considered in this paper. First; development policy is arranged. Second; weakpoints involved the policy and factors prevented from realization are pointed out. Third; plans realized finally is considered in addition to knowledge given by present circumstances.

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During the period from the inauguration of the Tokyo Reconstruction Project to the end of World War II, all done by the project was the efforts to decrease the number of electric poles on Otsuka Roads by putting some overhead cables together on common poles. Among many plans, the Tokyo Health Road Plan and the Tokyo Postwar Reconstruction Plan were prominent. The former aimed to remove poles and billboard, building pedestrian-dedicated roads with an affluence of greenery. The latter attempted to remove electric poles from roads which are wider than 36m. Some cables still remained over head were moved to alleyways behind detouring around the roads. Further, the plan was proposing to include the common ducts and poles in the category of urban planning. The plan specified the areas from which electric poles were removed to provide educational and public space for scenic view. However, these plans were not fulfilled due to the reduction of the scale in Postwar Reconstruction Land Readjustment Project.

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本研究は、東京の戦災復興区画整理事業で交通の要衝ではない場所につくられた矩形の空地（本研究では広場状空地と呼ぶ）に着目し、東京戦災復興区画整理事業で試みられた広場状空地の全容を明らかする。そして、それらの出自とその後の経緯を明らかにしたうえで、それらがどのような意図で試みられたのか、その事業的背景を考察する。結論は以下のとおりである。・東京の戦災復興区画整理事業6地区（麻布十番、錦糸町、五反田、大森、池袋東口、新宿歌舞伎町）で交通のためではない広場状の空地が創出された。・6地区全ての広場状空地は、従前それらの空地を創出するための積極的な理由は見当たらず、新たな意図をもとに計画設計されたといえる。・麻布十番、新宿歌舞伎町、池袋東口に創出された広場状空地は、人が集う賑わいの場として計画された。その他、錦糸町、五反田、大森については、残された資料からその計画意図は読み取れなかった。

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WE OBSERVED THE DEVELOPPING PROCESS OF DESIGN LEVEL OF LAND READJUSTMENT INVOLVING READJUSTMENT OF ARABLE LAND FOR PREPARATION OF BUILDING SITES, FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF FUNDAMENTAL DESIGN LEVEL FOR PREPARATION OF BUILDING SITES, ROAD PLANNING AND INDIVIDUAL DESIGN IN NAGOYA CITY BEFORE W.W. II . FUNDAMENTAL DESIGN LEVEL EXCEPT PARK AND ROAD PLANNING BECAME SUITABLE FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CONSEQUENCE OF READJUSTMENT OF ARABLE LAND PROJECTS, AND WERE APPLIED TO LAND READJUSTMENT PROJECTS. IN THE EARLY YEARS OF THE SYOWA, INDIVIDUAL DESIGN CAME TO INCLUDE IN LAND READJUSTMENT PROJECTS.

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Hideaki Ishikawa was one of the most important Japanese modern city planners. He was convinced that cities had to enrich people's lives, and he wanted to establish modern city planning as a discipline. Ishikawa was well-known as a man of unique ideas and he enthusiastically studied amusement places (sakari-ba). In this paper, I focus on how he developed his ideas on amusement places and how he put them into practice in designing amusement places for rich people's enjoyment during the period of time he worked in Nagoya (1920-1933).
To better understand Ishikawa's practices, I refer to H. Lefebvre's conception of recognition of space. Lefebvre's conception has three dimensions. "Representations of space": conceptualized space, the space of planners; "Space of representation": space as directly lived, the space of "inhabitants" and "users"; and, "Spatial practice": creation of space by the interaction of the other two dimensions. From this, therefore, city planning would be regarded as "representations of space", while amusement places in which people enjoyed their lives would be regarded as "space of representation." "Space of representation" has the possibility of creating a new movement of thought to counter the control of space by city planning.
Ishikawa always criticized Japanese city planning as being just a plan for land use which did not significantly consider people's lives. So he searched for a way to create a city planning for the people. He wrote a series of thirty-four articles on "The story of a Local City" in the magazine, Creation of the City (Toshi Sousaku). He explained his vision of the modern city and about how city planning should be conducted. Ishikawa was gradually able to create his own theory of amusement places in his planning.
The following four keywords characterize his modern city planning in his serial writing. The keywords are: "city planning for the night", "small city doctrine", "a bustling and lively square", and "hometown city". The first one, "city planning for the night", was an idea to restore the functional role of the night. Ishikawa thought that many planners made a plan for the "industrious time" when people worked during the daytime, but, at night, people were set free from their labors and relaxed. Ishikawa changed this idea and reorganized a plan for people to enjoy their leisure time at night. He paid attention to street lighting, especially lighting for buildings, the layout of amusement facilities, and so on.
The next idea is "small city doctrine". Ishikawa rejected the big city. He insisted that an ideal city should be within the scale where people could feel intimacy among neighbors. Though a city may be big, each town in a city should have a center which would be a psychological anchor for people, which should be combined organically, and in which the center should be a lively square.
The next idea is "bustling and lively square". Ishikawa recognized that people tend to gather in a square to look for closeness with one another, and also a square should offer people some way to satisfy their desires. Thus, he noted the importance of shopping and regarded shopping malls as "an casting vote". He therefore combined squares with shopping malls.
The last keyword is "hometown city". Ishikawa recognized the importance of the square in Western cities, but stressed that Japanese city planning should not blindly imitate Western cities without considering the character of each city. Ishikawa thus decided to transform the Western square into an amusement place (sakari-ba in Japanese) where people could enjoy flowing down the street.

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本研究の目的は、我国で最も有名な都市計画家であるが主導した商業都市美運動の史実を新たな知見として提示し、それを基に戦前期における都市美運動の意義を再考することである。都市美を有する盛り場の慰楽機能を重要視した石川は、内務省都市計画地方委員会の都市計画家としての本務の他に、商店街の美化及び運営に当たるための諸協会を組織し、主に商店会などの様々な主体と協働し、都市計画家の職域を拡大しようと試みた。本論では、このような石川の都市美運動を通して、我国の都市美運動は、我国の都市計画に対する実践を伴った問題提起として改めて意義付けられると結論した。

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燃料はあらゆる點に於て都市を支配する、第一に燃料は都市の存在を決定し、第二に燃料の発明は都市交通機關の速度を變へ、第三に事務室に在つては煖房装置により商工の活動を自由ならしめ、第四に家庭に於ては之れを朗らかに且つ明るくするのぐある、然るにかかろ效果あるにも拘はらず燃料と言ふと眉を文めれがるは何故であるか、恐らく次の副作用がある爲である、第一空氣の汚濁、第二火災、第三都市美の損傷等であろ、演者は是等両方面を文察して市民及燃料當事者より燃料の都市支配力とも稱す可き事に自畳し、以て研究を其方面にも集中されん事を希望して止まない次第である

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THIS PAPER DISCUSSES ABOUT FACTORS OF EVOLUTION OF LAND READJUSTMENT (LR) IN NAGOYA CITY BEFORE W.W.II. IN THE EARLY OF 1910S, LAND VALUE BECAME DRASTICALLY HIGH IN TOKO LAND CONSOLIDATION (LC) AREA. AS LAND OWNERS UNDERSTOOD THAT PREPARATION FOR URBANIZATION MADE LAND VALUE EXPENSIVE, LCS AND LRS INCREASED AFTER THAT. OTHERHAND ADMINISTRATIVE CITY PLANNERS HAD TO PROMOTE LRS IN ORDER TO REALIZE THE ESTABLISHED CITY PLAN IN 1920S. BUT LAND SUPPLY BECAME SURPLUS BY EXCESSIVE LCS AND LRS, LAND OWNERS WERE WILLING TO ACCEPT PROPOSAL OF CITY PLANNING PROJECTS WHICH COULD ENCOURAGE URBANIZATION. THUS, BECAUSE INTERESTS OF LAND OWNERS WERE CONSISTENT WITH ADMINISTRATION'S, MANY LRS WERE DEVELOPED.

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我が国において、地方都市と周辺農村を一体領域としてとらえる意味での広域計画は、1960年代後半に現実的政策として表出してきたが、本研究で対象とした岡山・倉敷地域における「百万都市構想」をはじめとする一連の広域計画は、その先駆的存在として位置づけられる。本研究では、初期段階の広域計画「百万都市構想」がどのような経緯で策定されたのか、その計画思想を探るとともに、その後の展開を明らかにした。その起源はによる生活圏理論に基づいた「岡山都市計画について」という論考に見られ、その計画思想が当時の岡山県知事である三木行治によって即地的計画へと具体化されたことが明らかとなった。広域計画のその後の展開については、計画を推進する主体づくりについては挫折したが、複数の核都市を有機的に結合するといった計画手法はある程度実現したと言える。

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Taga town has its origin in the developing plan of new industrial cities which were designated by Ministry of domestic Affairs in the 1930’s. The plan intended to develop the city which contains more than 100 thousand population and large scale of manufacturing industries. Against the current precedence of militalism at the time of pre-Second World War, the Ministry of Domestic Affairs supervised to develop the general plan which took fine considerations to the conveniences and environment of citizen life.

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Making a plan of city planning roads network in Tokyo was started in 1945 under the coordination of Mr. Ishikawa, director of Section of City Planning, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (T. M. G.). And this Master Plan was determinated by Council of City Planning in Tokyo Region on March 1946. In this Plan, Mr. Ishikawa applied for 100-m wide roads. But for the worst financial condition of Japan, the American famous economist and mission recommended to improve the economic policy of Japan, especially the reform of the Japanese taxation system. Japanese Government accepted the recommendation and executed new economic policy. Moreover the Government requested T. M. G. reconcideration of city planning roads. According to the request, Council of City Planning in Tokyo Region determinated the new narrower roads network plan on January 1950. In this plan, the width of 100-m wide roads was reduced.

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