痔核の急性発作に対する保存療法の一つとしてProctosedyl坐薬を使用し,Placeboを用いたsingle blind法による本剤の臨床効果を評価した.内痔核を主とした60例を対象とした(Proctosedyl30例,〓14例,♀16例,Placebo30例,〓21例,♀9例),効果は2週間に亘り観察を行いTab.5の様な基準にもとづいて減点率を求め判定した.臨床効果はPrctosedylで著効6例(20.0%)有効17例(56.7%)無効7例(23.3%),Placeboで著効0,有効4例(13.3%),無効26例(86.7%)であった.項目別評価は,疼痛(自発痛,排便痛),出血,腫脹,自覚症状,他覚症状にいずれも効果を認めたが痔核の縮小に対しては効果を認め得なかった。副作用として,肛門内異物感(Proctosedyl 1例,Placebo 1例)挿入後排便感(Proctosedyl 1例)を認めた.

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Crimes are mirrors of society. This article analyzes the contents of the Russian criminal statistics that began to be released to the public from the end of the Soviet era and examines the changes of the Russian society behind the crimes.
There are three particular periods when crimes in Russia rapidly increased from 1982 to 2002. The first period is 1983, one year after the general secretary Brezhnev died. In 1983, the number of thefts remarkably increased, but the increase rate is not as prominent as the other two periods. The second period is 1989-1992, before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the number of crimes increased because morality and social order collapsed due to the following: introduction and expansion of the market economy, the social maladaptation of the returned soldiers from Afghanistan, and the confusion brought by the collapse of the Soviet Union. From 1989 to 1992, atrocious crimes such as murders, rapes and robberies especially increased. The third period is 1998-1999. The financial crisis in 1998 deprived millions of people of their savings and wages. From 1998 to 1999, the number of robberies, thefts and drug-related crimes increased. After Putin was officially elected as president of Russia in 2000, however, the crime rate increase slowed and, crimes started to reduce in number in 2002.
Today the most serious crimes are crimes related to drugs, psychotropic medicines and deadly poisons. Drugs such as heroin and poppy seeds come to Russia mainly from Afghanistan and Tadzhikistan through Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz and Turkmenistan, and the part of them flows out to Ukraine and Western Europe. Drugs are expanding to smaller cities in Russia, not to mention the large cities. A large number of crimes, including drug-related crimes, are rapidly increasing in Khabarovsk, Tyumen', Ekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Novosibirsk, and so on. Of late, the number of crimes in Moscow is more than that in Sankt-Peterburk. Behind that, there exist movements of Russian Mafias.
The unemployment rate rose after the collapse of the Soviet Union and became the highest in 1998 (13.2%) . The number of crimes, criminals and prisoners increased in proportion to the unemployment rate. Moreover, the number of crimes caused by the unemployed especially increased. This phenomenon, of course, was related to the economic conditions behind it. Among the young, those who don't go to school and have no job, increased in number and they tend to commit crimes such as robberies and thefts. In 2002, the number of crimes in Russia reduced a little, but the number of murders and drug-related crimes were larger, and the number of thefts were smaller compared to America, Japan, Britain, France and Germany. It seems that a large amount of illegal drugs flows underground in Russia.
Now not only does the Russian government have to reinforce anticrime and anti-Mafia measures, but also have to reinforce the redistribution of wealth for the week, to promote national welfare, to regulate corruption of government officials and to promote tax collection in order to reduce the number of crimes. To do so, first of all, the government must further develop the economy and accumulate wealth.

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CCl₄およびエチオニン肝障害病態に及ぼす施灸刺激の影響を網内系機能の面から検索した。ddY, ICR系雄性マウスを用い, ヒト期門穴相当部位へ施灸した。異物貪食能は carbon clearance 法により, 腹腔滲出細胞 (PEC) は lysosome 酵素活性を測定した。CCl₄ 15回投与では貪食活性は低下した。この障害に対し, 10回施灸ではα値の改善, 15回施灸ではK値の改善傾向, α値の低下傾向を示した。エチオニン1回投与ではK値の増加がみられ, これに対する1回施灸でK値の低下傾向を示した。これらより急性期では明らかではないが, CCl₄ 15回投与による慢性期の肝障害に対して, 適度な施灸刺激は生体のホメオスタシスに調整的に働いているものと考えられる。

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After obtaining the Msc in forest ecology, the author participated in forest managementcooperation in Guatemala as a 2-year volunteer in the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV).
The present administration of JOCV in cooperation with Japanese ODA activity suffersfrom a number of problems, including sectional divisions among administrative organizations, lack of monitoring by specialists, a weak presence of Japanese civilian control, and absenceof Japanese political leadership. In this environment, JOCV environmental projects areunable to function effectively from the points of view of scientific accuracy, economic andfmancial efficiency, or political and cultural relations.
The theme of the present analysis is to address these problems.

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