The actual measurement of the body surface area generally take much trouble. And the existance of some interrelation among the height, weight and the others now lead to the calculation of the body surface area using a way of multipling these factors by a constant coefficient. After much investigation about a variety of calculation formula which have desingned by now we reached a conculusion that a from A=K₁X+K₂Y+Q (Howland-Dana from) is more desirable than the others, above all by applying X for the height (H .... cm) and Y for the weight (W .... g) the most desirable approximation can be got. From this point of view we achieved a new calculation formula for Japanease adult man and woman as follows. A=0.0901W+62.49H+266 for man and A=0.1309W+ 37.33H + 1799 for woman come as the result.

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Surface area of 201 Japanese (both sexes) from infancy to old age selected statistically according to sex, age and body shape were measured and the regional rates calculated and discussed.
The results are as follows:
1. There was no difference between either side of the body for any age or sex.
2. The rate of head, face and neck decreased while that of the lower extremities increased with aging.
3. After adolescence regional rates could be differentiated between the sexes. The rates of the thigh of the female were considerably higher than that of the male.
4. Body shape, rate of the head, face and neck the tendency waslowest toward obesity and highest toward slenderness. The rates of the limbs, upper and lower extremities revealed the opposite tendency to the former.
5. These results vary little as compared to other studies done on Japanese. However, compared to a German oran American revealed a higher rate for limbs. The rate was definitely lower for the Westerner.
6. Judging statistically the sublects and methods in this study, the regional rates of body surface described in this paper according to sex, age and body shape are acceptable to be used asastandand for the Japanese people for the study and review of all physical parts.

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The purpose of this investigation was to study the relation between the level of existing periodontal supporting tissues when involved with periodontal disease and the area of root surface.
The root length from cemento-enamel junction to the apex of the root was divided into four equal parts. The root surface area of each divided part was measured by the method described in the part I.
The result were as follows:
1) In upper and lower premolars the proportion of the root surface area of each divided part to total root surface area decreased with approaching to the apex.
In other teeth than premolars the part of a quarter to half length of the root from cemento-enamel junction was the largest of all the four divided apex to a quarter length of the apex was the smallest.
2) The proportion of the root surface area corresponding with the distance from the apex to each divided part decreased more in upper and lower premolars than in any other teeth.
3) The root surface area from half length of the apex was approximately 43-44 % of the total root surface area.
4) The first and the second premolars in upper and lower were similar to each other in their total root surface area and in root surface area corresponding with the distance from the apex to each divided part.
5) The canine tooth in upper and lower jaws has the largest remaining root surface area corresponding with the decrease in attachment level of all the single rooted teeth.

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Various calculation formulas of body surface area are designed by the measured values of body surface area and other physical measurements, e.g. height, weight, chest circumference etc, of 201 Japanese of both sexes from neonatal to old age.
Statistically comparing the formulas, the following three may be used for all ages of Japanese with the slightest possibility of error.
1. Newborn (under 1 year) S=W^0.473×H^0.655×95.68
2. Young child (1-5 years) S=W^0.423×H^0.362×381.89
3. Over 6 years to old age (for general use) S=W^0.444×H^0.663×88.83
(S: Surface area in cm², W: Body weight in kg, H: Height in cm)

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根分岐部に病変が及んだ場合の残存する歯周支持組織と歯根との関係を調べる目的で今回の研究を行った。上下顎第1, 第2大臼歯計83本の抜去歯を用いて, 歯根全体を3つの部分, 即ち, 歯根幹部 (分岐部を除く), 分岐部, 各歯根部にわけ, それぞれのを改良 membrane technique により測定した。(1) 各歯根部のの平均値は79.5mm²～159.4mm²であった。上顎第1大臼歯において, 口蓋根が他の2根に比べて有意に大きかった。(2) 各分岐部のの平均値は11.4mm²～15.1mm²であった。各分岐部間には有意な差は認められなかった。(3) 各歯根部と歯根幹部のの割合について検討したところ, 各歯根部のの占める割合は, 下顎第1大臼歯が, 他の歯種に比べて大きかった。歯周治療を行う上で, 以上の結果を考慮に入れる必要があろう。

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土壌の基本量であると同時に土壌水分保持の基本的要因でもある比を用いて畑地土壌の保水性を明らかにするために前報において分類した分類土壌ごとに比とpF水分量の関係を検討した。そして比により任意pFの水分量を推定することを試みた。その結果,非腐植質土壌は3種類に分類することにより,それぞれ比によって任意のpFに対する水分量が推定可能であることが明らかになった。

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風化残積土のご次的性質は, 一次的性質の内でも, とくに比によって, 大きく影響される。本文では, 四岩種の風化残積土を用いて, 比と二次的性質(コンシステンシー特性, 保水性および締固め特性)との関連性について検討した。結果を以下に挙げる。
母岩の違いによって, 幅広く砂質土から粘性土まで含むにも関わらず, 全体としてこれらの風化残積土の比の自然対数値は, 液性限界塑性限界などのコンシステンシー特性, pF 1.8含水比, pF 3.0含水比などのpF特性, 最適含水比, 最大乾燥密度などの締固め特性と, 高い相関を示した。

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Two hundred and sixty-nine teeth were used for studying the relation between the level of existing periodontal supporting tissues and the area of the root surface. The new method developed by improving the so-called membrane technique is simple and easy to employ.
The root was coated with vinyl acetate solution twice. The same coating procedure was repeated with alpha-cyanoacrylate monomer. After setting, the membrane was stripped off from the root surface using a disposable blade. The outline of the removed membrane was drawn on the tracing paper and enlarged 10 times photographically. Transparent film with grids (2mm×2mm) was then laid on the enlarged membrane, and the area was calculated by counting the grids. Prior to this procedure, the reproducibility of this method was evaluated: acrylic cylindrical test body (8.0mm diameter, 10.0mm height) was measured 10 times on the same way described above.
The difference between measured and calculated value was 4.2±0.3% and the coefficient of variability was 0.27%. These results indicate that this method is highly reproducible.
The means of the total area of root surface were as follows: upper central incisor: 203.0mm², upper lateral incisor: 199.0mm², upper canine: 291.4mm², the upper first premolar: 252.1mm², the upper second premolar: 243.3mm², the upper first molar: 494.5mm², the upper second molar: 421.3mm², lower central incisor: 175.0mm², lower lateral incisor 193.0mm², lower canine: 246.0mm², the lower first premolar: 221.6mm², the lower second premolar: 234.1mm², the lower first molar: 390.9mm², the second molar: 347.1mm².
On the upper jaw, there were neither statistically different between the total area of root surface of central incisor and of lateral incisor, not between of the upper first premolar and of the upper second premolar. On the lower jaw no statistical differences were found between the total area of root surface of the canine and of the first premolar, nor between of the first premolar and of the second premolar.

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