本稿では、

織の若手職人らによる近年の取り組みを事例に、現代における伝統産業の変容を論じる。織は日本を代表する高級織物であるが、1990年代以降、需要の縮小とともに衰退してきた。しかしながら、近年では過去の職人層と異なる属性を持つ若手職人の参入が見られ、既存の産業内秩序への挑戦と伝統産業の革新が試みられている。

織とその産地であるをめぐっては、産業・地域構造の前近代性や垂直的関係性が繰り返し指摘されてきた。その中、若手職人らの取り組みはどのような背景の下で可能となり、織の世界にいかなる変化をもたらしているのだろうか。この問いに答えるために、本稿では若手職人らへのインタビューを行い、その取り組みを「家型」「技術伝承型」「クリエーター型」の3類型に分類しながら具体的展開を分析した。

本稿の知見は、次の2点である。第一に、1990年代以降、

織業はインナーエリアの地域社会変動に巻き込まれ、産業－地域の特殊性が弱まる一方で新たに芽生えた活動やその担い手をめぐるダイナミズムが展開されるという、複雑な変容の過程を辿った。第二に、変わりゆく現代社会において、伝統産業の振興を目指す試みが直面する課題の複合性である。以上から見えてくるのは、単に衰退するのではなく、現代の様々な社会変動を反映し、新たな可能性と課題を同時に抱えながら生き残りを図る今日の伝統産業の姿である。

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Studies of regional structure of industry in Japan have been focussed on combination and correlation between industrial factors only. In this paper, the present writer intends to study the regional structure of the Nishijin small-scale weaving industry not only from the viewpoint of industrial factors but also of other regional factors.
Nishijin weaving industry is located in the northwest part of Kyoto city, and famous for its long history which originated from the classical court industry in the Heian era (the 9th to 12th centuries). This industry is unique in that it produces silk of very high quality, and consists of minutely divided processes.
Nishijin has not been the name of an administrative division, so its definite area is uncertain. Therefore the present writer compiled distributional maps of factories for the years of 1895, 1909, and 1922, and examination of those and other maps made available in published materials for 1940, 1955, and 1975, led to areal definition of the region.
In this study, flve areas were selected to represent the different dates of formation. A study of a questionnaire method was done in 1977 for each area.
As a result, two functional regions are classified as follows.
(1) The nuclear function region - not only weavers but also wholesalers and other men of related undertakings concentrate, and functions of planning, arrangement and shipment are mainly performed in this region.
It economically connects Nishijin with other areas, and forms the single nodal region of the industry.
(2) Producing region - this surrounds the nuclear function region above, and producing function is specially accumulated.
In the nuclear function region, producing function is remarkably dropping down as various economic interactions with other regions increase recently. The traditional high reputation of this region, whcih had been held for long and valued until the World War II, has faded away, and this also accounts for a trend of depressing production.
The producing region is characterized by its small and petty scale in undertaking, but constant shift and supplement of new functional factors afford certain productivity to the region. As for the labours, incoming people from outlying tracts of Nishijin or Kyoto city, for example from Tango and Hokuriku areas, play a role of labour supplement.

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    This article aims to explore the role of the machiya boom in central Kyoto's urban regeneration through an analysis of the Nishijin area. Over the past 20-30 years, there has been an increasing interest in preserving machiya (traditional wooden townhouses) in Kyoto. Nishijin, a famed and historic weaving district, has undergone one of the most dramatic examples of neighborhood change in Japan with regard to commercial renovation of traditional townhouses.
    Since the late 1990s, the machiya boom has seen multiple stages of expansion by numerous actors. Initially, it was only a grassroots movement by a few individuals, but local government and real estate developers began to champion the movement alongside the rise of machiya's social and cultural value. Under new urban policy goals, machiya, which had previously been considered obsolete, turned into a symbol of Kyoto's authentic landscape. Furthermore, the popularity of machiya encouraged reinvestment and conversion of use, stimulating both the real estate market and the tourist industry. Consequently, machiya was revived as an experiential art form compared with industrial housing production.
    Although previous researchers have emphasized the contribution of the machiya boom to Kyoto's landscape preservation, this article discusses the risk of expanding destination culture as a result of machiya preservation and renovation. Strict building regulations under current urban policy may restrain gentrification from new building, but there is a limitation on how much control can be exerted over machiya commercialization regarding the loss of the culture and history that was part of everyday life in old Kyoto.

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