ロードホーン種(増井1号)の雄鶏で,終脳の摘出を行なつた.このような除脳鶏では,みずから採食することは不可能であつたが,平衡感覚は失われず,除脳により特に著しく生理機能がそこなわれることはなかつた.これらの鶏に寒冷付与とクロールプロマジン(CPZ)の投与を行ない次の結果を得た.
1) 寒冷を付与すると,体温の降下中に,一過性の過血糖がみられるものとみられないものとが観察された.
2) 寒冷付与とともにCPZを投与すると,全例で,体温降下の初期に一過性の過血糖がみられた.
3) 寒冷付与によつて一過性の過血糖がみられた鶏では,終脳および間脳のpraeoptic hypothalamiが完全に摘出されており,それがみられなかつた鶏では,終脳の一部が残存し,間脳のpraeoptic hypothalamiの摘出が不完全であつたことが,剖検によつて確かめられた.

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The lipid peroxide levels in sera of ca. 500 patients suffering from various diseases were determined by the potentiometric POV method.
The average values of serum lipid peroxide levels in patients suffering from cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, hypertension, hepatic disease, cataract and glaucoma, bronchitis, ulcer and bronchial asthma were found to exceed those of the normal human group. In patients with cerebrovascular disease, hypertension and hepatic disease, the levels of serum lipid peroxides were particularly higher statistically than those of the normal human group with a 5% significance level.
The large standard deviations in average peroxide levels of these groups were considered to arise from differences in age, sex, the particular diseases of the patient and his /her condition. The ratios of samples showing high levels of peroxide exceeding the normal range (40.9±22.8 neq/mL) were calculated for all the patients. The ratios of high level were observed in more than 30% of patients with cerebrovascular and hypertension, and in more than 20% with cancer and hepatic disease.
Moreover, it was obvious that lipid peroxide levels in the sera of patients suffering from these 4 diseases rose more than in normal humans, although no correlation between lipid peroxide and lipid levels could be found.

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トリアシルグリセリン (TG) とリン脂質 (PL) を含むサケ卵油が, TGのみからなるサケ油に比較して酸化に対して非常に安定であること, またこのサケ卵油の高い安定性はその脂質組成とトコフェロールやアスタキサンチンの含有量に依存することが前報において明らかになったため, 高度不飽和TG, 高度不飽和PL及びこれらの3 : 1混合試料の自動酸化挙動について検討した。サケ卵油から分画したPL, TG及びこれらの3 : 1混合試料をトコフェロール添加系または無添加系において30℃暗所にて自動酸化させた。これらの試料の自動酸化挙動は過酸化物価 (PV), カルボニル価 (CV) 及び脂肪酸組成により追跡した。
TGではPVが上昇した後にCVが上昇したのに対し, PLでは酸化の初期段階においてCVがPVと同時に上昇し始めた。PLとTGの自動酸化挙動の差は, PLでは主な酸化一次生成物であるヒドロペルオキシドの安定性が悪いこと, あるいは脂質ペルオキシラジカルから二次生成物であるカルボニル化合物への経路が異なることによると思われた。
これらの試料にトコフェロールを0.1%添加するといずれにおいても酸化が抑制され, ラジカル捕捉剤としてのトコフェロールの酸化防止作用はPLやTGにおいてよりもTGとPLの混合試料において, より顕著に観察された。これらの結果から, TGにPLとトコフェロールが共存することは高度不飽和TGを自動酸化条件下で安定化させるために非常に有効であることが示唆された。

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The oxidation products of linoleic acid were isolated and their removal from fabrics was investigated. Hydroxyoctadecadienoate was isolated by HPLC using acetonitrile/water (8/2 by volume) as a mobile phase at a retention time of 4.6 min. Two dimeric compounds were separated similarly using acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/water (6/3/1 by volume) at 6.0 and 9.6 min. All three compounds were quantitated by HPLC, as indicated by the good linear relationship between peak area and content of each.
Removal efficiency from fabrics by SDS decreased in the order of hydroxyoctadecadienoate, linoleate, and two the dimeric compounds. The same order was observed when linoleate and its oxidation products were mixed.

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We previously reported a potentiometric titration method which permits detection of very small amounts of hydroperoxides present in serum lipids. In the present work, lipid peroxide levels were determined by potentiometry in sera from about 400 subjects over 65 years old. The correlation of lipid peroxide levels with ageing was studied by comparing the levels of aged people with those of healthy young persons in their 20's or middle aged people in their 40's or 50's.
The average serum lipid peroxide level of persons in their 40's was found to be 40.4±20.8 neq/mL, the highest of all male groups, decreased in proportion to the age of persons older than this. All female groups showed similar levels (ca. 26 neq/mL) independent of age. The specific values for the 40's group calculated as peroxide levels per 1 g of serum lipids exceeded those of other groups for both sexes, and were noted to decrease with ageing.
Moreover, judging from the health conditions of subjects over 65 years old, the serum lipid peroxide levels of the cerebrovascular group appeared higher than those of the normal human group with significant difference. Since the subjects of typical geratic diseases surveyed in the present study were outpatients afflicted with mild forms of disease, further investigation should be conducted on patients of seriously afflicted to determine the correlation of serum lipid peroxide levels with various diseases.

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The antioxidative and synergistic effects of nitrogen-containing phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PMME), phosphatidyl-N, N-dimethylethanolamine (PDME), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were investigated using fish oil as the polyunsaturated substrate during autoxidation at 30°C in the dark. The phospholipids had remarkable synergistic effect on mixed tocopherol (Toc).
Based on the increase in time for each Toc isomer to disappear due to the addition of phospholipids during autoxidation, the synergistic effects of the phospholipids appeared to result from the regeneration of Toc from tocopheryl radicals formed at the start of autoxidation.
Amino groups may promote the regeneration of Toc since some amino compounds such as ethanolamine and n-butylamine exert strong synergistic effect.
The order of synergistic effect intensity of phospholipids was PE >PMME>PDME · PS>PC, and was in direct proportion to the number of amino hydrogens.

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To clarify changes in and detergency of oxidized oily soils, oxidized linoleic acid was analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a UV detector.
The oxidized products were separated and their molecular weights determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Finally, their molecular structures were estimated.
During HPLC, compounds from oxidized linoleic acid having a polarity higher than pure linoleic acid were finely separated using an eluent of acetonitorile and water (8 : 2). Compounds with lower polarity than the pure acid were separated using an eluent of acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and water (6 : 3 : 1).
Based on the results of LC-MS, the main products obtained by oxidation were hydroperoxide, hydroxy compounds, a dienone compound, and dimers formed by secondary reactions. By HPLC analysis, retention times of the dimers were shown to be longer, and their polarities, less than that of pure linoleic acid.

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n-3系高度不飽和脂肪酸に富む筋子リン脂質とサケ油の自動酸化に対するアスタキサンチンの酸化防止効果について, 30℃における自動酸化中の基質の過酸化物価 (PV), カルボニル価 (CV), アスタキサンチン残存率, トコフェロール残存率およびドコサヘキサエン酸残存率を追跡することにより試験した。
トコフェロールを500 ppmおよびトコフェロール500 ppmとアスタキサンチン690 ppmを添加したリン脂質群の誘導期は無添加群よりも, それぞれ2.4倍と3.6倍に延長された。アスタキサンチンは高度不飽和トリアシルグリセリンよりも高度不飽和リン脂質に対して, 効果的な酸化防止作用を示した。また, 高度不飽和リン脂質の自動酸化はアスタキサンチンとトコフェロールを併用することにより, 効果的に抑制できた。

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