Venetian blinds, pull-down screens, light-blocking films, and other sunlight screenig devices used with windows not only reduce the amount of sunlight that enters a room and lower the luminance of outside, but can also obstruct the view of outside scenery. ln this research we have therefore quantitatively expressed the luminance-reducing properties and transparency of screening devices that are superimposed on outside scenery. First, methods for quantifying the screening properties of screening devices were examined, after which we used these screening properties to predict changes in the luminance distribution of outside, which enable us to enhance screening device transparency. We then created a method for deciding on the desired characteristics for a screening device with the right combination of transparency and luminance-reducing properties for a given window.

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The present study was performed to clarify the injuries of the auditory organs and their pathogenesis in the Hartley guinea pigs and rabbits exposed to experimental explosion of gunpowder, 5.5, 10 and 15kg. The results were as follows.
1) The hearing in the guinea pigs after exposure to the explosion were classified into three types according to the pinna reflex, the site of the injury in the auditory organ and degree of the injury. Type I, conductive deafness, abrupt missing of the pinna reflex in the total frequencies tested. Type II, predominantly perceptive deafness, gradual missing of the pinna reflex in the frequencies tested, and Type III, no missing of the pinna reflex and no injury of the inner ear.
2) There was distinct difference in degree of the injury of the ear between in the guinea pigs and rabbits.
3) The guinea pigs placed outside a shield-room showed Type I, conductive deafness and those placed inside the shield-room showed Type II, perceptive deafness or Type III, no missing of the pinna reflex.
4) Type I and II hearing impairment and the irregular extent of the damage of the inner ear suggest that the damage of the inner ear was caused by the intensive transient atmospheric pressure during explosion which was transmitted by the tympano-ossicular chain to the inner ear.

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富山県黒部市にあるパッシブタウン黒部モデルでの調査に基づいて、住宅を対象とした昼光照明環境の年間評価指標の枠組みの提案を行った。verDA / versDAの計算に眼前照度（鉛直面照度）を使用することで、視覚的効果のみならず健康性にも対応し、また簡易なグレア評価式で上限を示すことが可能というという利点がある。シミュレーション結果と光環境満足度点数を比較することで、versDAを指標として用いる上での適正なしきい値照度・時間割合の検討が可能となろう。

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the diurnal variation of global radiation and diffuse radiation on the hill slopes of Nihon Davos in the Sugadaira Plateau, Nagano Prefecture. The locations of the five observation points are shown in Fig. 1. The observation was held from 6:20 a.m, to 4:50 p.m. on the 4th of November, 1978 and the weather condition during this period was perfect cloudless.
The result of the observation are summarized as follows:
1) The global radiation on a horizontal surface on the top of the hill is larger than those on other slopes all day (Fig. 7). The probable cause may be due to the higher ratio of sky to the hemisphere at the top than those at other points (Table 1).
2) Excepting the northern point, four points have two peaks in the diurnal variation of diffuse radiation. The first peak occurred early in the morning on the top of the hill and the eastern slope but it appeared before noon on the southern slope and western slope. On the other hand, the diffuse radiation on the northern slope has only one peak after sunrise and after that time it is very low and constant until sunset (Fig. 8).
3) As a result of the observation held on cloudless day, the diurnal variations of global radiation on the sloping surfaces are similar to the usual theoretical results of direct radiation on sloping surfaces (Fig. 9).

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