People provide their community facilities taking charge of a portion of works between public and private sectors. Nowadays, it doesn't go forward easily, because they depend on public sector for most of its adjustments. Therefore it is investigated that the importance of people's participation. As a result of this background, this paper takes note of village community "Nozawa-gumi," that is formed by the central part of Nozawa-Onsen Village in Nagano Prefecture, and this village community works very useful for the adjustment of local living environment. This paper makes clear about the road constructions from 1888 to 1944 and the functions of "Nozawa-gumi" between inhabitants and village community.

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In these days, NOZAWA-SPA vil. is famous not only as a skiing ground but also a syntheticr esort. And this resort is successful in managing and activating the village. The purposes of this study were as follows:1)To desclibe the history and transitional process of management body of NOZAWA-SPA resort from the view point of endogenous development. 2)To find out factors which activate a region with managing a resort. First of all, in this study we applied endogenous development theory to resort and made up the ideal model of clarify resort. Second, we tried to make clear the present circumstance around the NOZAWA-SPA resort, focussing on the history of this village, management condition of the resort, and relationship between community and the resort. At last from the results mentioned above, four factors which led NOZAWA-SPA resort into success were found. They were as follows:1)Inhabitants of the area must demand for the resor and there must be independence of them. 2)To make up the endogenous resort, inhabitants of the area must have the initiative. 3)The resort manager(management body) maintains public spirit and efficiency of management. 4)The resort manager(management body) has to use materials and human resourses of the region efficiently.

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In Japan, the Research on Ski Resort Development has been increasing in recent years, and its content has been improved. However, most studies concern Ski Resort Development since the 1960s, and the Characteristics before the War have not been clarified.
In this Research, we will clarify the Development of Ski Resort along the Shin-Etsu line in Nagano Prefecture between 1912 and 1938. The reason for paying attention to this district was that it was the most developed region in Japan at that time. For the material, we use the data of the Ministry of Railways in Nagano Prefecture and the data on this Ski Resort in this region.
The Results were as follows.
1. Only Iiyama and Nozawa were the Ski Resorts in the region from 1912 to 1924. The two Ski Resorts had a few Japanese Hotels and the narrow ski-slope places near the station. Ski equipment for rent was not attached.
2. The regions of the Ski Resort from 1924 to 1936 remained almost the same places as before. However, the Railroad Company and the Ski Club started to develop the Ski Resort. The position of the slopes changed from near the station to the Mountain side. Ski equipment for rent started.
3.The number of regions of the Ski Resort from 1932 to 1938 had increased more than before. The Railroad Company and the Ski Club made a special Organization to increase the Ski Visitors. The Organization started to open the ski competitions and lessons.

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　本研究では，松本市内の小学校を対象に，教室内の掲示物の実態と掲示物に対する児童の意識について検討した。調査の結果，1教室当たりの平均で38件の掲示がなされており，掲示の種類については生活面の掲示物が71%と多くなっていた。掲示位置と掲示内容の関係については，生活面の掲示では教室の前側には「目標」や「決まり事」の掲示が多く，教室の後側には，「取り組み」や「メッセージ」の掲示が多くなっていた。学習面の掲示では，教室の前側には「学習の心がけ」，後側には「学習の作品」，窓側・廊下側には「学習の振り返り」が多く掲示されていた。学年による違いについては，掲示物の件数は低学年で多い傾向となり，内容は高学年になると生活面の掲示物の割合が多くなった。掲示物と児童の意識の関係については，掲示物の種類が児童の意識に強く影響しており，「予定」や「取り組み」，「学習の作品」の認知の度合いが高い結果となった。

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本研究では, 村の湯沢神社例祭を事例として, 観光地における地域の伝統行事は, どのような組織によって, どのように継承されているのかを明らかにした。 例祭を代表する催しである「燈電行列」における中心担い手の変遷をもとに, 例祭を時代区分すると, 若者組と称するグループによる「隆盛期」, 24人の有志による「変革期」, 舞楽保存会による「復活期」の三つの時代に区分できる。各時代ごと, 例祭に関わる諸業務の担い手, 例祭に関する経済的な側面等を検討した結果, 例祭の継承過程において, 村落共同体「野沢組」が, 舞楽保存会の設立等, 燈童行列における舞楽の保存・継承の基盤を形成し, また例祭における野沢組主導の三夜講(さんやこう)や村人足による活動等に鑑みても, 野沢組は例祭全体の運営・継承にも大きな役割を果たしていることが明らかとなった。また村落共同体的な地域組織の存在が, 観光地における文化の持続可能性にとって重要な要素であると指摘している。

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A major hot spring owner at Nozawa Spa is the foundational juridical person, Nozawa-Kai. The Nozawa-kumi, which was born of the village organization named Nozawa-kumi, represents a modern type of organization with a juridical person status, which was established upon the merger of the village and the town in order to preserve the spa under communal ownership. Pursuant to a hot spring water supply agreement, water is supplied to inns and lodges, and is provided free of charge to public baths.
The thirteen public baths are open free of charge even to non-residents, and are managed and operated by the baths' users or a local group called "bath-maths" or ku. The spa's waters are provided free of charge by the Nozawa-kai or by individuals.
In a large number of cases, the water from hot spring sources owned by indiviuals are for their own use. Under the old, customary hot spring rights, there were cases where owners of the land where the hot springs originate differed from the water-use rights-holders.

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Space-time variations of very-shallow (0-20km) earthquakes occurrence in the northern part of Nagano Prefecture are studied from the hypocenter data by the Matsushiro Seismic Array System (MSAS) and JMA. The very-shallow earthquakes are distinctively characterized by two active zones, or the one from Omachi to Nozawaonsen and the other from Sakakita to Suzaka including hypocenters of the Matsushiro Swarm Earthquake. A significant variation of very-shallow earhtquakes occurrence is recently observed along the Omachi-Nozawaonsen zone. After two aftershock activities from Dec. 30, 1986 in Ogawa and from Feb. 12, 1987 in Nozawaonsen, a very low seismic activity or gap between Ogawa and Nozawaonsen is now observed.

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Membrane potential difference of the human skin was measured in 100 cases of “to the thermal bath accustomed” subjects and 5 cases of control, “to the thermal bath not accustomed” healthy subjects.
Three Spas were chosen for the experiment:
Nozawa: Simple sulfur springs
Shibu-Kakuma: Calcium sulfate containing sodium chloride springs
Asama: Simple thermals
The investigation revealed an electrically negative membrane potential of the human skin against the thermal waters. The membrane potential of the control subjects…“to the thermal bath not accustomed”…proved 5-36 mv lower than the membrane potential of the “to the thermal bath accustomed”, namely inhabitants of the spas.
The membrane potential of the healthy controls…“to the thermal bath not accustomed”…approached to that of the “to the thermal bath accustomed” after taking thermal baths daily two times for from ten days to two weeks.
The membrane potential of the visitng patients was in the first stage of till ten days similar to that of the healthy controls.
But after about twenty baths it changed gradually and took a tendency to approach to that of the spa inhabitants.
The negative membrane potential difference of the human skin was transiently increased by a thermal bath both in the “to the thermal bath accustomed” and in the “to the thermal bath not accustomed.” But it resulted stronger in the control group than in the spa inhabitants.
The increased membrane potential difference recovered its pre-bathing value in about one hour.
Raising of water temperature increased the membrane potential difference, namely the higher the temperature rises (→45°C) the greater becomes the potential difference.
The membrane potential of the thermal waters against the physiological saline proved to be 3-28mV. Their pH ranged from 5.8 to 9.5. And their reductionoxidation potential ranged from -80 to +298mV.
Oshima and his co-workers could show with radioactive isotopes that the percutaneous resorption of the ions in bath water decreased by the repetition of daily baths in one to two weehs. Biological reactions to the thermal baths (phagocytosis index, leucocyte count, red cell count, blood sugar level, blood catalase activity, index of wound healing etc.) proved also to become decreased in 2-4 weeks of thermal bathing. And it is known in Japan that the spa treatment is less effective in the spa inhabitants…“to the thermal bath accustomed”…than in the transient spa visitors…patients. All these observations show that an organism does adapt to the thermal or chemical stimuli of the thermal waters in a few weeks gradually. The objective change in one of the physical properties of the human skin by the repetition of daily thermal baths gave a clue to the explanation of the mechanism of the adaptation.

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