リン酸,各種リン酸塩,リソタングステン酸および酸化ニッケルを含むアルミナおよびシリカ,アルミナ系触媒を使用して,エチレンとプロピレンの三二量化反応を調べた。パルス反応で生成ペンテソ中．のイソペソテソ含有率が高い値を示したりソタングステン酸アルミナ1(PW-AI,03)触媒を用いて,流通法によりさらに詳細な検討を行なった。その結果PW-A1203触媒は,イソペソテソ含有率をほぼ80%にまで向上さすことが認められた。また酸性度測定により,本触媒のHl -5.6の酸量と共二量化活性との間には,対応関係が存在することが認められた。

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It is known that photographic paper is coloured without development and fixing when it is exposed to the daylight or a light source of relatively short wave length. When the precipitation elements fall on a photographic paper and melt on it, the areas wet by the precipitation elements are coloured a different colour from the other unwet areas as shown in photos. 5_??_10.
The coloured areas are stable if the paper is protected from the direct rays of the sun. By the use of this phenomenon, the size or shape of the precipitation elements (rain drop, snow crystal, snow flake, sleet, graupel) which fell on _??_ photographic paper are simply recorded on the photographic paper.
In this work, the relation between the volume of individiual precipitation elements and the records coloured by them on the photographic paper, was investigated.
a) Rain drop.
From the calibration of the water drops at terminal velocity, the following relation was obtained d=10^-1/3D^2/3 where d=equivalent diameter of rain drops in mm, D=mean diameter of wet areas by rain drops on the photographic paper in mm.
b) Snow crystal and snow flake.
As the outline of the horizontal shape of the snow crystals or snow flakes in falling state is coloured and recorded on the photographic paper, we obtain d=2^-1/3D where d=diameter of the snow crystals or snow flakes assumed to be spherical in falling state, D=mean diameter of areas coloured by them on the photographic paper due to their fall on the paper. in mm.
c) Sleet (partially melted snow flake) The particles of sleet collapse and spread on the photographic paper when they fall on it, but their depths are roughly uniform, so their volumes are calculated from the records on the paper and the increase of the weight of the paper due to their fall.
d) Graupel. The graupels melt to semispherical drops on the paper, so their diameters, equivalent to the ones of spherical water drops are also calculated as follows, d=2^-1/3D where D=diameter of circles by the graupels in mm.
Some examples of the volume distribution of great precipitation elements are shown in figs. 4_??_10.

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Cu (II) /H₂O₂を開始剤に用いて, アクリル繊維にメタクリル酸メチルをグラフト重合させた。重合に及ぼす諸因子として, 重合時間, 重合温度, 銅塩濃度, 単量体濃度の影響を検討した。 (1) 全重合量は重合時間, 重合温度, モノマー濃度に比例するが, 開始剤濃度には無関係である。 (2) グラフト率は重合時間に比例するが, モノマー濃度には反比例し, (3) 開始剤濃度は銅塩の添加量が, ある限度までは, 微量であるほど高い値を示す。 (4) グラフト効率はモノマー濃度の増加とともに減少するが, 重合時間に対しては, 反応の初期には増大するが, 90分あたりからは平衡状態である。 (5) 単独重合体が, 全重合量の大部分を占める。

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It is known that photographic paper is coloured without development and fixing when it is exposed to the daylight or a light source of relatively short wave length. When the precipiltation elements fall on a photographic paper and melt on it, the. areas wet by the precipitation elements are coloured a different colour from the other unwet areas. By the use of this phenomenon, the size or shape of the precipitation elements which fell on a photographic paper are simply recor, ded on the photographic paper. In this work, the relation between the volume of individual precipitation elements and the records coloured by them on the photographic paper were inves-tigated.

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During May 23 to 25, 1955, there was a hailstorm (diameter of hailstone was 1-2cm.) through-out Okayama Prefecture. It lasted for about 10 to 20 minutes and gave tremendous damage to field crops everywere; above all, great damage had been caused to the wheat crops in southern district.
As the wheat was in maturity stage, this damage was not only accelerated by the physical injury (e.g. stem snapping, head cutting, grain dropping, etc.) but also caused by the physiological injury, the retardation of normal maturity of seeds since then.
This investigation having been made at Sho-Son, Tsukubo-Gun, the center of hailstorm, in which seven plots (A-G)—having intervals of 500 meters along the both sides of center line of hailstorm cource— were selected to probe the actual damage caused by hailstorm. Samples were taken from the same variety (local variety “Norm No. 52”) in same growth stage. The degree of breakdown of stem and head, ratio of the sum of droped grains to total on head and the positions from where the grains were taken off were classified in stratiform in order to get the estimate yardstick of yield reduction derived from correlation between those injury and wheat yields.
The following conclusions are summarized from this study
1) Hail injury was rapidly decreased, being proportional to the distance from the center line of hailstorm cource. The real damage was hardly recognized at the plots A and G—both were apart from the center line by 1 kilometer. It is therefore concluded that the hailstorm damage is one of damage which has higher locality.
2) The process of injury is as follows: First the grain drops, then the stem breaks or is cut, and head drops down finally all plants turn to fall down. When hailstorm is severe, the above processes take place simultaneously. It is, however, uncertain that how this developmental process of injury goes along. But, in the case of light damage, the sequence of injury goes as stated above, and the grain drop rate rather tends to be high. The position of grain drop has a constant tendency, viz. stems snapped at the upper internode have more grain drop at the lower parts of heads, and on the contrary, stems which do not break down or snap at the lower internode have more grain drop at the upper parts of heads.
3) It was observed that the frequency of stem break was highest at the first internode of the upper parts of stems and was sufficiently low at the third to fourth internode of the lower parts of stems. This is because the shock of hailstorm was not only stronger at the upper parts than lower parts, but also snapping resistance was smaller at the upper internode.
4) The position of grain drop caused by hailstorm on head did not accord with the sequence of flowering and ripening on the head, but it related to the grain grown on heads having the angle really to exposed to hailstorm or existed thereon. Heads snapped at the upper internode and suspended in the air tended to show more grain drop at the lowe halves of heads. Both heads that were upright and stems at lower internode that breaked later on tended to have more grain drop at the upper halves of heads.
5) It was clear that wheat yields reduced by hailstorm injury did depend largely upon the dropping off of heads and grains. Moreover, it was likely that the injury of both stem and leaf caused by hail hindered subsequent full maturity of kernel.
6) We can estimate the yield(z) of damaged wheat with grain number index(X) and weight per 1000 grains(Y). We define the grain number index as equal to x=Σ{(percentage of total stems in each grade of grain escapd)×(weight for the grade).
Multiple linear correlation analysis gave the following equation:
r_zy=0.976 r_zx=0.988 r_xy=0.936 r_zxy=0.997 Z=0.296_x+4.643_y-98.946

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Although aluminum is a metal of high corrosion resistance, it sometimes suffers local corrosion in exposure test or water immersion test.
With the object of proving the corrosion, tests were conducted in aerated and deaerated pure water at 35°C. In aerated pure water, a milk-white ring was produced around the metallic compound and a pit was formed in the ring.
The results obtained were summarized as follows.
(1) In annealed aluminum of high purity, a kind of zone (like denuded zone) was formed along the grain boundary (perhaps it may be due to a small amount of impurities contained) and intergranular corrosion occurred in these zones in aerated or deaerated pure water at 35°C.
(2) When 1100 aluminum was immersed in aerated pure water at 35°C, a milk-white ring was produced around a compound α (Fe-Si) owing to the potential difference between the compound and aluminum matrix; and a pit was formed in the ring. Even after the formation of the pit, the depth of the pit more increased owing to the action of concentrated cell in aerated water. Aluminum was far more rapidly corroded in deaerated pure water at 35°C as compared with in aerated pure water.
(3) When 3003 aluminum was immersed in aerated pure water at 35°C, a milk-white ring was produced around a compound (Fe-Si) and a pit was formed in the ring. However, no pit was formed around a compound (MnAl₆). On the other hand, in deaerated pure water, a pit was generally formed around the both compounds.
(4) When X8001 aluminum was immersed in aerated or deaerated pure water at 35°C, only a very small pit was formed.
(5) The oxide film formed on aluminum of 99.99% purity, which had been corroded in aerated or deaerated water at 35°C, was bayerite.

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The protection of a cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) bioreactor from bacterial contamination by the introduction of a high concentration of dissolved oxygen was investigated. The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the substrate (4% branched dextrin) was 80-90 ppm under a pressure of 2.5-2.8 kg/cm² at 50°C. The continuous operation of the bioreactor for about one month gave a good result. More specifically, the introduction of a high concen-tration of DO in the substrate could control the bacterial count therein under 4 x 10³ /ml. On the other hand, the activity of immobilized CGTase was not affected by high DO concentration. The bioreactor could attain a branched cyclodextrins production yield as high as 10% (w/w) for one month.

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中国史上における天文学研究者のうち、女性は極めて少なかった。就中、王貞儀は比較的資料が多く残されており、 女性天文学者を研究する有力な手がかりである。王貞儀に関する先行研究は量が少ない上、断片的なものが多く、科学者 であるという単一の視野から王貞儀の業績を紹介するのみで、当時の社会環境における女性という立場を視野に入れて検 討するものはない。また近年、王貞儀はアジアでも、欧米でも、一般人にも多く知られるようになってきており、王貞儀 に関する歴史的、思想的な基礎研究は更に需要が増すであろう。本研究は、王貞儀の交友状況を考証しながら、女性史の 視点から、王貞儀の再評価を検討していく。

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