日本人の体表の現状を把握するために, 45人の青年の体表を実測し比較・検討を行った.実測は, 体表解剖学上の区分に従って区分された区域毎に, 直接非伸縮性の粘着テープを貼付することで行った.その結果, 1) 性別による体表区分の間に有意な差が認められた.また, 同様に体型別による体表区分の間にも有意な差が確認された.2) 体表算出式の根拠となっているDuBoisら, 高比良, 藤本・渡邊らの行った実測値と本実測値との間に有意な差が認められた.3) 身長や体重といった身体諸値の一要因による体表の推定値は, 身長と体重の両方を構成要素とする算出値に比べ, 実測値との偏差が大きくなる傾向がある.4) 実測の結果より, 現在の日本人に最も適合性のある体表の算出式として, S=100.315W^0.383H^0.693を提案した.また, 日本人に対してDuBoisの体表算出式の定数項を修正した結果, S=72.18W^0.425H^0.725を提案した.

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藏澄らは日本人の体格や体型の変化に着目し，身長と体重を構成要素とした人体の体表算出式(藏澄ほか, 1994)を提案したが，実測をしてから約10年が経過した．人体はさまざまな要因により変化を続けているが，藏澄らの人体の体表算出式が約10年を経た今日の日本人の成人へも適用可能かの検討をおこなった．健康な成人男女6名を被験者として人体の体表を実測し，実測結果と体表算出値とを比較した．DuBoisの算出式と藤本・渡辺らの算出式については，算出値と実測値との間には有意な差が示され，その使用には注意する必要があることを明らかにした．一方，藏澄らの算出式と藏澄らの男性の算出式，藏澄らの女性の算出式については，算出値と実測値との間の差は有意ではなく，実測値と適合することを確認した．

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In planning hospitals, one of the important procedures is to assess the total floor area and to decide the proportion of space of various departments composing a hospital. For reference to architects, we have tried to analyze the use of space in recent hospitals which were built in the 1980's. Twenty-five examples were chosen for this study. The total floor area per bed was found to vary from 50 m^2 to 80 m^2 in general hospitals. The relative amount of space occupied by each department of general hospital was as follows ; (1) Ward : 30〜40 % (2) Outpatient department : about 12 % (3) Adjunct diagnostic and treatment facilities : 18〜22 % (4) Supply department : 15〜20 % (5) Administration department : 12〜16 %.

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We have fixed the new calculation formula of surface area of Japans over 12 years of age as follows
A=0.1342W+51.48H-375 (A=cm²W=g H=cm)
This formula have the least error both in mean and variance than Takahira's and formula, which is most widely in our country, and Nagasaki Univ. formula.

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Flow coefficient measured by an area-type flowmeter can be represented as a function of the Reynolds number through a series of experiments. From the experimental results obtained in this study, it was clarified that the characteristic curve can be divied into three ranges, that is, the viscous flow range, the intermediate flow range and the nonviscous flow range depending on the value of the Reynolds number.
At first, in the viscous flow range, laminar flow theory can be adoped suitably to the flow at the clearance between the taper-tube and float. Secondary, in the intermediate flow range, the values of the two sorts of coefficient, that is, one is that for geometry of the clearance between the taper-tube and the float and the other is that for the distribution of flow rate, were obtained as a function of the Reynolds number experimentally.
And then, it was observed that the float with sharp edge was useful for the measurement of viscous flow.
Furthermore, the nonviscous flow range seems to be a special case of the intermediate flow range because the nonviscous flow range corresponds to the case of an extremely, large Reynolds number in the intermediate flow range.
From the discussions on the value of α done above, the following experimental equations were derived.
Those equations are well representing the experimental results with a high degree of approximation.
α=α₀(R_e/R_e0)^1/2
for the viscous flow range
α=α₀(1-K/√R_e)(-1N/√R_e)
for the intermediate flow range
where α; flow coefficient
α₀; flow coefficient of nonviscous flow range
R_e, R_eθ; Roynalds number (R_e0 is obtained through the experiment)
K; coefficient of rate distribution depending on Reynold number
N; coefficient geometrical condition depending on Reynolds number

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日本人青年男女の体表を得るため, 人間生活工学研究センター (HQL) による日本人の人体計測データ平均値を基準に体型の異なる男性3名, 女性3名を被験者として選出した.6名の被験者について非伸縮性接着テープ法により体表の実測を行った.また, 体表推定式との適合性について検討した.シルエッターにより得られるシルエット写像のを測定し, 体表との関係を検討した.得られた結果は次のようである.1) 体表は, 男性の平均で17895cm², 女性の平均で14443cm²であった.2) 体表解剖学体表区分に準拠した体表区分の比率から, 男女とも臀部, 大腿部, 下腿部に被験者間の差が大きいことがわかった.蔵澄らの比率に比較して, 大腿部, 胸部が大きく, 臀部が小さくなる傾向がみられた.また, DuBiousの比率に比較して, 大腿部, 腕部が大きく, 体幹部が小さくなる傾向がみられた.3) 蔵澄, 高比良, DuBious, 新谷, Meeh, 村田, 藤本の体表推定式の適合性を検討した.男性では, DuBious, 蔵澄, 新谷, 高比良の計算式が被験者の実測体表と適合することが確認できた.女性では, DuBious, 蔵澄, 高比良の計算式が適合した.4) シルエッターにより得られたシルエット (x) と体表 (y) との一次回帰式を求めた.人体方位角0°と90°において, シルエットとの間には, r=0.989以上の高い相関が認められた.シルエットを推定する式として次式を提案した.
方位角0°の場合は, y=3.430x+0.003, 方位角90°の場合は, y=6.264x-0.22

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Cross-sectional areas of the maxillary sinus were evaluated by frontal section films using Polytome U. A frontal section of 3cm from Nasion was used. Two methods were adopted for the cross-sectional evaluations of the maxillary sinus areas. The direct method is to plot the area over semitransparent section paper divided into squares of which the unit area is 1mm². The plotted area was directly calculated by the section paper. The indirect method is to use an approximated cross-sectional configuration of the maxillary sinus. The approximation was done by regarding the cross-sectional area as an trapezoid made of lines drawn by orbital floor, lateral wall of the inferior meatus, and the zygomatic recess, and so far. Sixty adults (male 35 and female 25) were included in the study. Majority of the cases were afflicted with chronic sinusitis and no bony destruction was noted.
The results were analyzed as to the difference between the sides and gender, and the linear correlation between two methods of evaluation for the cross-sectional areas. Statistically no significant difference was seen between the right and left sides. The results for male were larger than those of female with statistical significance. The linear correlation between the direct and indirect methods is very high.
The indirect method of evaluation for the cross-sectional area of the maxillary sinus is thus applicable to the evaluation of the postoperative changes of the maxillary sinus.

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The purpose of this study is to define the area effect for the wall colors quantitatively. In Experiment I and II, subjects were asked to make a comparison between buildings wall colors and color scales from distances of three and twenty meters. In Experiment III, ten colors were examined to define the distortion of perceived color and impression using small color chips and two sizes of colored panels. The results revealed a systematic distortion of wall colors perception on the Munsell's dimensions of value and chroma. The area effect can be predicted from the results of multiple regression analysis.

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To know the characteristics of spherical float area-type flowmeter, a series of experiments covering a wide range of float weight and Reynolds number have been conducted. From the experimental results, the following empirical formula relating the non-dimentional flow-rate, float weight and minimum flow cross-sectional area was obtained:Q=173(A_rW^0.91_d/83)^2.6/(A_rW^0.91_d/83)^1.5+1 where A_r is nondimensional minimum cross sectional area and W_d is nondimensional effective float weight.
This formula can express all the experimental results, except for very low A_r and W_d case, within 5% error.
Based on the empirical formula, the effect of working condition change was discussed and the correcting method indicated in JIS was shown not to be appropriate. An accurate method correcting working condition change was proposed.

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This paper describes experimental studies about an entirely new device for measuring flowrate (called Dynamic Flowmeter) which provides precise direct digital output proportional to the flowrate. A cylindrically winding strip supported on a frame is installed on an orifice in the flow. The differential pressure in the orifice acting on the strip causes a deflection. Thus, when the deflection can be measured accuratily, this flowmeter operates as precision linear instrument with high reproducibility. The principal characteristics of the flowmeter are analized by using a simplified flow model. To evaluate the performance, experiments for air and within the range of the flowrate (0∼8.3×10^-4[m³/s]) are conducted. The flowmeter constructed with suitable parameters is promising for practical applications.

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This paper deals with how to correct the indication of the float-area type flow meter when line pressure changes. Float-area type flow meters are often used for small range flow rate measurements. In this range of measurement, flow rate characteristics of the meter are affected by the pressure drop in the small annular slit between float and tube. According to the analysis, new correction method for float-area type flow mether is introduced. The experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the calculated results of the flow meter.

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