市販健康茶のパッケージ表記の適合性を確認する手段を確立するため、健康茶中のセンナと他のCassia属植物との識別のための指標成分について検討を行った。その結果、センナを加工しても分解されない1成分があり、構造解析を行ったところ、cassiaphenone B-2-glucosideであることが明らかとなった。さらに健康茶に汎用されるCassia属植物にこの成分が普遍的に含まれているか否か確認しか。その結果、Cassia alataを除く、Cassia obtusifolia、Cassia occidentalis及びCassia corymbosaなどには含まれていなかった。cassiaphenone B-2-glucosideを指標として実際に市販健康茶を検査した結果、パッケージ表記には無かったセンナあるいはCassia alata含有の可能性がある検体を見つけることができた。

抄録全体を表示

慢性血液透析患者が妊娠して児を得ることは困難と考えられているが, 今回私達は, 2回目の妊娠が無事継続して分娩に至り, 母児共に順調な経過をとっている1症例 (31歳, 女性: 透析歴3年) を経験したので, 看護面より若干の検討を加えて報告する.
初回出産は透析2年目であるが妊娠26週に辺縁洞破裂のため早産した. 児は880g, 未熟肺のため17時間後に死亡した. 透析3年目再度妊娠し, 妊娠16週目腹部緊満症状が出現し, 産科へ入院した. 初回の経験を踏まえて, 最低妊娠32週まで継続させることを目標に, 透析室と産科で協力体制をとった. 私達は, 1) 妊娠の継続を計り, 母児ともに最良の状態で分娩に臨めるよう援助することと, 2) 不安と苦痛の緩和に努めることを看護目標にあげた. 看護上の問題点として, 1) 子宮筋収縮による腹部緊満症状がある, 2) 透析中に血圧低下が起きる, 3) 胎児に対する不安がある, 4) 全身掻痒感と長時間透析による苦痛があるなどをあげ, これらの問題点を中心に看護を展開した. 看護面としては, 妊娠20週頃から透析中に血圧低下と腹部緊満がみられたが, 注意深い綿密な観察に努め, 透析を十分行えるように検討を重ねて対処した. また胎児に対する不安や透析中の苦痛があるため, それらを少しでも緩和させ, 夫や家族とともに励ましたことが重要であった. 全身の掻痒感は妊娠中の肝機能障害とともに現われたが, 分娩後に消失した. 患者は, 妊娠34週に経腟分娩にて, 1,802gの男児を出産した. 母児ともに順調な経過を辿り, 現在に至っている.

抄録全体を表示

帝王切開後4年5か月経過した現在, 母子ともに健在な血液透析患者の妊娠出産例を経験したので報告する.
症例は33歳女性, 原疾患は慢性糸球体腎炎で透析歴は5年であった. 腹部膨隆を自覚し産科を受診したところ妊娠14週と診断された. 33週で帝王切開にて出産し, 新生児は体重1584gでApgar scoreは7であり, 乳児発育に異常は認められなかった.
本邦における慢性腎不全患者の出産例は1986年までに15例の報告があり, 本症例は第8例目であった. 合併症として早産, 弛緩出血, 肝障害および羊水過多が多く, 早産防止には羊水過多の管理が重要である.

抄録全体を表示

For the quantitative analysis of sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB) in health tea, the stability of standard solutions prepared according to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was investigated. Standard solutions of SA and SB began to decompose one day after preparation at room temperature. The results suggest that the instability of the standard solution may lead to uncertainty in quantification. Whereas it was difficult to confirm the degradation products of SA and SB by means of ultraviolet absorption measurements (wavelength, 366 nm), an unknown peak derived from the degradation product was detected in fluorescence measurements. Structure analysis revealed that the degradation product was rhein-8-glucoside. It was also found that SB having an erythro configuration is more unstable than SA having a threo configuration. A stability study of the standard solutions showed that such solvents as THF/water (7 : 3) prevented degradation at 4℃ storage but not at 37℃ storage. However, when 0.1% phosphoric acid/acetonitrile (4 : 1) was used, the degradation of SB was fairly suppressed even at 37℃. This solvent is considered to be more useful for the preparation of standard solutions of SA and SB than conventionally used methanol.

抄録全体を表示

近年, 透析療法の著しい進歩や, エリスロポエチンの使用によるquality of lifeの向上とともに, 血液透析患者の出産例の報告が散見されるようになった. 今回, 我々は過去6年間に2例の慢性血液透析患者および1例の保存期腎不全患者の出産を経験し, 妊娠経過に及ぼす因子について検討したので報告する.
症例1は23歳, 透析歴7年, 子癇発作と思われる痙攣発作にて妊娠20週当院入院し, 妊娠34週で帝王切開にて870gの女児を出産した. 児はApgar score 8-10, 奇形等は認められなかった. 症例2は24歳, 透析歴1.5年, 妊娠後期に高血圧症の合併が見られたが, 39週で経膣分娩にて2856gの男児を出産した. 児はApgar score 9-10, 狭頭症を認めたが他に奇形は見られなかった. 症例3は38歳, 慢性腎不全 (Cr 4.2mg/dl, BUN 54mg/dl, 24hr Ccr 15.6l/日), 高血圧症, 貧血にて当院入院. 38週で帝王切開にて2202gの女児を出産した. 児はApgar score 9-10, 奇形等は認められなかった.
慢性腎不全患者の出産例の合併症には種々の報告があり出産時はもとより妊娠中も細心の注意が必要である. 特にBUN値を60mg/dl以下に保つべく食事療法, 頻回の透析を行うことや貧血, 血圧のコントロール等が重要と考える.
また, 妊娠経過や奇形の危険性を回避するために, 計画的な妊娠, 出産を行うことが今後の課題であると思われた.

抄録全体を表示

The correlation of the mutagenicity of tap water with its raw water quality was studied in summer and winter using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, in order to understand the difference in mutagenicity of municipal tap water from two different water supply systems. As a result, the mutagenic activity, TNVOX, MX and KMnO₄ consumption in tap water from the river water-line water supply system were higher than those from the lake water-line water supply system. The mutagenic activity of tap water from the river waterline water supply system was found to have a positive correlation with the TOC of its raw water. It was considered that existence of some precursors of by-products became mutagenic after chlorination and that mutagenic substances existed in river water. The mutagenic activity of municipal tap water from the lake waterline water supply system was highly negatively correlated with the volume of water reservoir. It was assumed that the markedly high mutagenicity was caused by the decrease in water volume in the reservoir owing to a drought. The ratio of the mutagenic activity of tap water per KMnO₄ consumption of raw water in winter was significantly higher than that obtained from the study of municipal tap water samples in summer.

抄録全体を表示

We measured the mutagen formation potential (MFP) of 42 river water samples from 37 rivers throughout Japan using the Ames mutagenicity assay, to investigate the nationwide level of mutagen precursors contained in river water. The MFP of river water was highest when Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 was used without metabolic activation. The MFPs ranged from 210 to 20,200 net rev. · l^-1 and the median was 2,520 net rev. · l^-1, which shows that the values varied greatly between samples. About 60% of the samples showed MFPs in the range from 1,500 to 3,500 net rev. · l^-1. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), E₂₆₀, NH₄-N, NO₂-N, NO₃-N and T-N concentrations were also measured. A strong positive relationship was observed between logarithmically-transformed DOC and MFP. However, the MFP/DOC ratio varied widely from 110 to 2,160 net rev. · mg^-1. We also investigated the relationship between MFP and river basin characteristics such as population density. The results suggest that mutagen precursors are strongly influenced by human activities. In addition, rivers were classified using a cluster analysis of water qualities (MFP, DOC, E₂₆₀, NH₄-N and NO₂-N+NO₃-N).

抄録全体を表示

水道水の変異原性を測定して安全性を評価することが研究されている．本稿では，関連する原著論文を調査して国内外の研究動向について整理し，今後のブレークスルーが期待される問題点の抽出を行った．研究初期には評価方法に関する研究や実態調査の研究が多く報告されていたが，近年では浄水処理による変異原性削減等の対策に関する研究が多く報告されていた．また，主要変異原性物質の探索に関する研究ではMX に着目した研究が多く報告されていたが，近年はその数が減少し，MX 以外の物質を探索した論文が多く報告されていた．最も多く用いられていた試験はAmes 試験であり，変異原性強度は10 000 net rev.／l 程度以下とする報告が多く，同一の調査で10 倍程度以上の開きがあるとする報告が多かった．

抄録全体を表示

According to Japanese food allergen labeling regulation, the determination of allergenic food has been widely carried out independently in the food industry and by the governmental inspection agency. Among Morinaga FASPEK ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kits determining allergenic foods, the wheat kit is observed a slight non-specific reaction with rice and corn. This non-specific reaction frequently creates the confusion in the ELISA result interpretation; whether wheat-free food, which frequently uses rice or corn, contains wheat. Due to this, a new wheat kit having no reactivity with rice and corn has been developed. The improved wheat kit was evaluated in 10 laboratories, using six types of model processed foods (chicken meatball, steamed fish paste, orange juice, custard pudding, baby food [Japanese-style mixed stew cooked in the retort pouch], and tomato sauce) containing 10μg wheat protein/g food. Mean recoveries in the model processed foods ranged from 92% to 130% in the improved ELISA kit. Relative standard deviations of repeatability and that of reproducibility were in the ranges of 6.2-10.9% and 10.2-16.2%, respectively. These results indicate that the improved wheat ELISA kit can be used as a more precise and reliable tool for determining wheat presence in processed food.

抄録全体を表示

A screening method for deoxynivalenol (DON) residue in beer by use of a commercially available ELISA-kit was applied for its accuracy management for method validation. DON in beer sample was subjected to acetonitrile extraction and cleanup with a MycoSep #227 multifunctional column. Recovery experiments indicated that the trueness of the low concentration sample (10 ng/ mL) and that of the high concentration sample (100 ng/mL) were higher than 90%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of repeatability and that of intermediate precision were less than 25%, respectively. In addition, the interlaboratory precision of seven laboratories was determined as an external quality control test with and without sample cleanup. The interlaboratory precision of the high concentration sample (100 ng/mL) showed an acceptable Z-score (less than 2.0 and greater than -2.0; |z| < 2) for all the seven laboratories, regardless of whether or not cleanup was performed. In addition, the gap between the added concentration and the average value (most probable value) was less than 20%. On the other hand, in the case of the low concentration sample (10 ng/mL) without cleanup, the Z-scores were “|z| < 2” for all the seven laboratories, but the residual variance was large and the deviation from the most probable value was increased. However, by performing cleanup pretreatment, DON concentrations down to 10 ng/mL could be measured by ELISA. Then, sixteen commercially available beer samples were subjected to DON determination using the present ELISA and a confirmation test using GC/MS. DON was detected in 9 beer samples (56.3%); the mean concentration was 14.3 ng/mL and the highest concentration was 54.8 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient (r) was high at 0.887. The results suggest that the ELISA-kit with the cleanup method is useful for a screening of low level DON in beer.

抄録全体を表示